GSH1 glutamate-cysteine ligase [Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)] - Gene

Summary

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Gene symbol: GSH1
Gene description: glutamate-cysteine ligase
Primary source: Araport:AT4G23100
Locus tag: AT4G23100
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as: ATECS1; AtGSH1; CAD2; CADMIUM SENSITIVE 2; F7H19.290; F7H19_290; GAMMA-GLUTAMYL-CYSTEINE SYNTHETASE; GAMMA-GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE SYNTHETASE; glutamate-cysteine ligase; GLUTAMATE-CYSTEINE LIGASE; GSHA; PAD2; PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 2; RML1; ROOT MERISTEMLESS 1
Summary: Encodes the enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase catalyzing the first, and rate-limiting, step of glutathione biosynthesis. Required for cell proliferation at the root tip. Involved in susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Mutants are phytoalexin defective.
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Genomic context

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Location:: chromosome: 4

Exon count:: 17

Sequence:: Chromosome: 4; NC_003075.7 (12102135..12107695, complement)

Chromosome 4 - NC_003075.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003075.7

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

To determine the possible impact of dimerization on redox-activation, GCL mutants were generated in which salt bridges or hydrophobic interactions at the dimer interface were interrupted. The results indicate that dimer formation is not required for redox-mediated enzyme activation.
Title: Plant glutathione biosynthesis revisited: redox-mediated activation of glutamylcysteine ligase does not require homo-dimerization.
The results suggest that WRKY12 directly targets GSH1 and indirectly represses phytochelatin (PC) synthesis-related gene expression to negatively regulate Cd accumulation and tolerance in Arabidopsis.
Title: WRKY12 represses GSH1 expression to negatively regulate cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis.
The pad2-1 mutation is related to a decrease in GCL protein and that the resulting glutathione deficiency negatively affects important processes of disease resistance.
Title: Glutathione deficiency of the Arabidopsis mutant pad2-1 affects oxidative stress-related events, defense gene expression, and the hypersensitive response.
Glutathione is a key regulator of GSH1 gene expression in response to low temperature.
Title: Overexpression of GSH1 gene mimics transcriptional response to low temperature during seed vernalization treatment of Arabidopsis.
GSH1 is involved in the biosynthesis of glutathione. The zir1 mutant is defective in Fe-mediated Zn tolerance.
Title: ZINC TOLERANCE INDUCED BY IRON 1 reveals the importance of glutathione in the cross-homeostasis between zinc and iron in Arabidopsis thaliana.
The thiol-based regulation of GCL provides a posttranslational mechanism for modulating enzyme activity in response to in vivo redox environment and suggests a role for oxidative signaling in the maintenance of glutathione homeostasis in plants.
Title: Thiol-based regulation of redox-active glutamate-cysteine ligase from Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

Orthologs from OrthoDB

NM_001036624.1

Supported by ESTs:

NM_001203879.2

Supported by ESTs:

NM_118439.4

Supported by ESTs:

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables glutamate-cysteine ligase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables glutamate-cysteine ligase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables glutamate-cysteine ligase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in cellular modified amino acid biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response by callose deposition in cell wall	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response to bacterium	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response to fungus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response to insect	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within flower development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within glucosinolate biosynthetic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within glutathione biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in glutathione biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within glutathione biosynthetic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within glutathione biosynthetic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within indole phytoalexin biosynthetic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to cadmium ion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to heat	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to jasmonic acid	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to ozone	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in chloroplast	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in chloroplast	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in chloroplast	ISM Inferred from Sequence Model more info
located_in chloroplast stroma	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in plastid	HDA more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: glutamate-cysteine ligase

NP_001031701.1

ROOT MERISTEMLESS 1 (RML1); FUNCTIONS IN: glutamate-cysteine ligase activity; INVOLVED IN: in 13 processes; LOCATED IN: chloroplast; EXPRESSED IN: 23 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 14 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Glutamate--cysteine ligase, GCS2 (InterPro:IPR006336), Glutamate--cysteine ligase, plant (InterPro:IPR011556); Has 35333 Blast hits to 34131 proteins in 2444 species: Archae - 798; Bacteria - 22429; Metazoa - 974; Fungi - 991; Plants - 531; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 9610 (source: NCBI BLink).

NP_001190808.1

glutamate-cysteine ligase (GSH1); CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Glutamate--cysteine ligase, GCS2 (InterPro:IPR006336), Glutamate--cysteine ligase, plant (InterPro:IPR011556).

NP_194041.1

glutamate-cysteine ligase (GSH1); FUNCTIONS IN: glutamate-cysteine ligase activity; INVOLVED IN: in 13 processes; LOCATED IN: chloroplast stroma, chloroplast; EXPRESSED IN: 23 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 14 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Glutamate--cysteine ligase, GCS2 (InterPro:IPR006336), Glutamate--cysteine ligase, plant (InterPro:IPR011556); Has 2650 Blast hits to 2650 proteins in 482 species: Archae - 15; Bacteria - 892; Metazoa - 0; Fungi - 0; Plants - 118; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 1625 (source: NCBI BLink).