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PARP4 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 4 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 143, updated on 5-May-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
PARP4provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 4provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:271
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000102699 MIM:607519; AllianceGenome:HGNC:271
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
PH5P; p193; ARTD4; PARPL; VPARP; VWA5C; PARP-4; VAULT3; ADPRTL1
Summary
This gene encodes poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase-like 1 protein, which is capable of catalyzing a poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reaction. This protein has a catalytic domain which is homologous to that of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase, but lacks an N-terminal DNA binding domain which activates the C-terminal catalytic domain of poly (ADP-ribosyl) transferase. Since this protein is not capable of binding DNA directly, its transferase activity may be activated by other factors such as protein-protein interaction mediated by the extensive carboxyl terminus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in colon (RPKM 22.5), small intestine (RPKM 20.2) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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Location:
13q12.12
Exon count:
34
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 13 NC_000013.11 (24420931..24512778, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 13 NC_060937.1 (23628369..23720247, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 13 NC_000013.10 (24995069..25086916, complement)

Chromosome 13 - NC_000013.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 566 Neighboring gene NUS1 pseudogene 3 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 8397 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr13:24965836-24966558 Neighboring gene CYCS pseudogene 33 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr13:24993751-24994256 Neighboring gene OCT4 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr13:25018880-25019381 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105370117 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 4719 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5178 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105370295 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 11501 Neighboring gene ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 26-like Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 7478 Neighboring gene paraspeckle component 1 pseudogene 2

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Identification of a novel PARP4 gene promoter CpG locus associated with cisplatin chemoresistance. Sung HY, et al. BMB Rep, 2023 Jun. PMID 37013346, Free PMC Article
  2. Genetic variants of PARP4 gene and PARP4P2 pseudogene in patients with multiple primary tumors including thyroid cancer. Cirello V, et al. Mutat Res, 2019 Nov. PMID 31203137
  3. Assessment of PARP4 as a candidate breast cancer susceptibility gene. Prawira A, et al. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2019 Aug. PMID 31119570
  4. Single‑cell intratumoral stemness analysis reveals the involvement of cell cycle and DNA damage repair in two different types of esophageal cancer. Wu H, et al. Oncol Rep, 2019 Jun. PMID 31002369, Free PMC Article
  5. Germline PARP4 mutations in patients with primary thyroid and breast cancers. Ikeda Y, et al. Endocr Relat Cancer, 2016 Mar. PMID 26699384, Free PMC Article

See all (73) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Structural and biochemical analysis of the PARP1-homology region of PARP4/vault PARP.
    Title: Structural and biochemical analysis of the PARP1-homology region of PARP4/vault PARP.
  2. Identification of a novel PARP4 gene promoter CpG locus associated with cisplatin chemoresistance.
    Title: Identification of a novel PARP4 gene promoter CpG locus associated with cisplatin chemoresistance.
  3. Modification Effect of PARP4 and ERCC1 Gene Polymorphisms on the Relationship between Particulate Matter Exposure and Fasting Glucose Level.
    Title: Modification Effect of PARP4 and ERCC1 Gene Polymorphisms on the Relationship between Particulate Matter Exposure and Fasting Glucose Level.
  4. MVP Expression Facilitates Tumor Cell Proliferation and Migration Supporting the Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells.
    Title: MVP Expression Facilitates Tumor Cell Proliferation and Migration Supporting the Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells.
  5. Modification of PARP4, XRCC3, and RAD51 Gene Polymorphisms on the Relation between Bisphenol A Exposure and Liver Abnormality.
    Title: Modification of PARP4, XRCC3, and RAD51 Gene Polymorphisms on the Relation between Bisphenol A Exposure and Liver Abnormality.
  6. our results do not support that PARP4 functions as a cancer susceptibility gene. This study highlights the importance of performing functional analyses for candidate cancer predisposition genes.
    Title: Assessment of PARP4 as a candidate breast cancer susceptibility gene.
  7. Germline intronic PARP4 variants could be a risk factor for the development of TC.
    Title: Genetic variants of PARP4 gene and PARP4P2 pseudogene in patients with multiple primary tumors including thyroid cancer.
  8. poly [ADPribose] polymerase(PARP)4 was identified as a novel cancer stemnessassociated gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its association with survival was validated in a cohort of 121 patients with ESCC
    Title: Single‑cell intratumoral stemness analysis reveals the involvement of cell cycle and DNA damage repair in two different types of esophageal cancer.
  9. Major vault protein is important in the drug resistance of cancer cells, but it requires the presence of vPARP for full activity
    Title: vPARP Adjusts MVP Expression in Drug-resistant Cell Lines in Conjunction with MDR Proteins.
  10. PARP4 is a possible susceptibility gene of primary thyroid and breast cancer
    Title: Germline PARP4 mutations in patients with primary thyroid and breast cancers.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (16)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
GWAS for discovery and replication of genetic loci associated with sudden cardiac arrest in patients with coronary artery disease.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Novel genetic loci identified for the pathophysiology of childhood obesity in the Hispanic population.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
retropepsin gag-pol HIV-1 PR is identified to have a physical interaction with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 4 (PARP4) in human HEK293 and/or Jurkat cell lines by using affinity tagging and purification mass spectrometry analyses PubMed
gag-pol Inhibition of HIV-1 protease by saquinavir and leu3.a blocks PARP cleavage and protects cells from apoptosis and necrosis PubMed
gag-pol HIV-1 protease directly cleaves and activates procaspase 8 in T cells, which is associated with cleavage of BID, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, activation of the downstream caspases 9 and 3, and cleavage of DFF and PARP PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables DNA binding TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables NAD+-protein ADP-ribosyltransferase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables enzyme binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables nucleotidyltransferase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in DNA damage response NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in DNA repair NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in inflammatory response IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in protein modification process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of telomerase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
located_in membrane HDA PubMed 
located_in nucleoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in nucleus NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
part_of ribonucleoprotein complex NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in spindle microtubule IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP4
Names
193 kDa vault protein
ADP-ribosyltransferase (NAD+; poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase)-like 1
ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria toxin-like 4
H5 proline-rich
I-alpha-I-related
PARP-related
PARP-related/IalphaI-related H5/proline-rich
poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 4
poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase
poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase-like 1
vault poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
vault protein, 193-kDa
von Willebrand factor A domain containing 5C
NP_006428.2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_006437.4 → NP_006428.2  protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP4

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_006428.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AF158255, AL359763, BX479127, CA308288, CV574448, DB238428, T10289
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS9307.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O75903, Q14682, Q5QNZ9, Q9H1M6, Q9UKK3
    Related
    ENSP00000371419.3, ENST00000381989.4
    Conserved Domains (5) summary
    cd01437
    Location:251 → 565
    parp_like; Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (parp) catalytic domain catalyses the covalent attachment of ADP-ribose units from NAD+ to itself and to a limited number of other DNA binding proteins, which decreases their affinity for DNA. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is a ...
    TIGR03788
    Location:636 → 1184
    marine_srt_targ; marine proteobacterial sortase target protein
    pfam15822
    Location:1308 → 1462
    MISS; MAPK-interacting and spindle-stabilizing protein-like
    cd17726
    Location:5 → 88
    BRCT_PARP4_like; BRCT domain of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 4 (PARP-4) and similar proteins
    pfam08487
    Location:623 → 733
    VIT; Vault protein inter-alpha-trypsin domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000013.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    24420931..24512778 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060937.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    23628369..23720247 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9UKK3.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9UKK3

Gene LinkOut

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