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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2006-05-22 15:12:22 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 15:40:23 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0002961
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB02961
Metabolite Identification
Common NameDihydrotestosterone
DescriptionDihydrotestosterone is a potent androgenic metabolite of testosterone. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is generated by a 5-alpha reduction of testosterone. Unlike testosterone, DHT cannot be aromatized to estradiol therefore DHT is considered a pure androgenic steroid. -- Pubchem; Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (INN: androstanolone) is a biologically active metabolite of the hormone testosterone, formed primarily in the prostate gland, testes, hair follicles, and adrenal glands by the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase by means of reducing the alpha 4,5 double-bond. Dihydrotestosterone belongs to the class of compounds called androgens, also commonly called androgenic hormones or testoids. DHT is thought to be approximately 30 times more potent than testosterone because of increased affinity to the androgen receptor.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC19H30O2
Average Molecular Weight290.4403
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight290.224580204
IUPAC Name(1S,2S,7S,10R,11S,14S,15S)-14-hydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-5-one
Traditional Name(1S,2S,7S,10R,11S,14S,15S)-14-hydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-5-one
CAS Registry Number521-18-6
SMILES
[H][C@@]12CC[C@H](O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CC[C@@]2([H])CC(=O)CC[C@]12C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C19H30O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h12,14-17,21H,3-11H2,1-2H3/t12-,14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-/m0/s1
InChI KeyNVKAWKQGWWIWPM-ABEVXSGRSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as androgens and derivatives. These are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favor the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSteroids and steroid derivatives
Sub ClassAndrostane steroids
Direct ParentAndrogens and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Androgen-skeleton
  • 3-oxosteroid
  • 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid
  • 17-hydroxysteroid
  • Oxosteroid
  • Hydroxysteroid
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Cyclic ketone
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Ketone
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxide
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point181 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility525 mg/mL at 25 °CNot Available
LogP3.55HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane (predicted from logP)
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Adrenal Cortex
  • Adrenal Gland
  • Epidermis
  • Fibroblasts
  • Hair
  • Kidney
  • Liver
  • Neuron
  • Ovary
  • Prostate
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Testis
  • Thyroid Gland
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified<0.00006.89 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Female
Adrenal insufficiency, congenital, with 46,XY sex reversal, partial or complete
details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.000900-0.00390 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleX-linked ichthyosis details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.0054 +/- 0.0029 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Psychiatric disorder
details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.0000010000 +/- 0.000004135 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedLeuprolide acetate-induced hypogonadism details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.00001275 +/- 0.00001792 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedLeuprolide acetate-induced hypogonadism with testosterone replacment details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Alcoholism
  1. Nieminen LR, Makino KK, Mehta N, Virkkunen M, Kim HY, Hibbeln JR: Relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and plasma neuroactive steroids in alcoholism, depression and controls. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2006 Oct-Nov;75(4-5):309-14. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed:16959481 ]
Major depressive disorder
  1. Nieminen LR, Makino KK, Mehta N, Virkkunen M, Kim HY, Hibbeln JR: Relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and plasma neuroactive steroids in alcoholism, depression and controls. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2006 Oct-Nov;75(4-5):309-14. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed:16959481 ]
Adrenal insufficiency, congenital, with 46,XY sex reversal, partial or complete
  1. Kim CJ, Lin L, Huang N, Quigley CA, AvRuskin TW, Achermann JC, Miller WL: Severe combined adrenal and gonadal deficiency caused by novel mutations in the cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, P450scc. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Mar;93(3):696-702. doi: 10.1210/jc.2007-2330. Epub 2008 Jan 8. [PubMed:18182448 ]
X-linked ichthyosis
  1. Lykkesfeldt G, Bennett P, Lykkesfeldt AE, Micic S, Moller S, Svenstrup B: Abnormal androgen and oestrogen metabolism in men with steroid sulphatase deficiency and recessive X-linked ichthyosis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1985 Oct;23(4):385-93. [PubMed:3864567 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 608516 (Major depressive disorder)
  • 613743 (Adrenal insufficiency, congenital, with 46,XY sex reversal, partial or complete)
  • 308100 (X-linked ichthyosis)
DrugBank IDDB02901
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB023086
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID10189
KEGG Compound IDC03917
BioCyc ID17-BETA-HYDROXY-5ALPHA-ANDROSTAN-3-O
BiGG ID42776
Wikipedia LinkDihydrotestosterone
METLIN ID2789
PubChem Compound10635
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID16330
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH ID5ADTSTSTERONE
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceGardi, Rinaldo; Castelli, Pier Paolo; Gandolfi, Roberto; Ercoli, Alberto. Conversion of 5a-pregnane-3,2O-dione to dihydrotestosterone. (1961), 1250-7.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the transformation of the potent androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) into the less active form, 5-alpha-androstan-3-alpha,17-beta-diol (3-alpha-diol). Also has some 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. The biotransformation of the pesticide chlordecone (kepone) to its corresponding alcohol leads to increased biliary excretion of the pesticide and concomitant reduction of its neurotoxicity since bile is the major excretory route.
Gene Name:
AKR1C4
Uniprot ID:
P17516
Molecular weight:
37094.57
Reactions
Dihydrotestosterone + NADPH + Hydrogen Ion → Androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol + NADPdetails
General function:
Involved in 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase activity
Specific function:
Converts testosterone (T) into 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and progesterone or corticosterone into their corresponding 5-alpha-3-oxosteroids. It plays a central role in sexual differentiation and androgen physiology.
Gene Name:
SRD5A2
Uniprot ID:
P31213
Molecular weight:
28407.035
Reactions
Dihydrotestosterone + Acceptor → Testosterone + Reduced acceptordetails
General function:
Involved in 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase activity
Specific function:
Converts testosterone into 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone and progesterone or corticosterone into their corresponding 5-alpha-3-oxosteroids. It plays a central role in sexual differentiation and androgen physiology.
Gene Name:
SRD5A1
Uniprot ID:
P18405
Molecular weight:
29458.18
Reactions
Dihydrotestosterone + Acceptor → Testosterone + Reduced acceptordetails
General function:
Involved in DNA binding
Specific function:
Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription factor activity is modulated by bound coactivator and corepressor proteins. Transcription activation is down-regulated by NR0B2. Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3
Gene Name:
AR
Uniprot ID:
P10275
Molecular weight:
98987.9
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors
Specific function:
Plays a key role in early steps of protein N-linked glycosylation by being required for the conversion of polyprenol into dolichol. Dolichols are required for the synthesis of dolichol-linked monosaccharides and the oligosaccharide precursor used for N-glycosylation. Acts as a polyprenol reductase that promotes the reduction of the alpha-isoprene unit of polyprenols into dolichols in a NADP-dependent mechanism. Also able to convert testosterone (T) into 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
Gene Name:
SRD5A3
Uniprot ID:
Q9H8P0
Molecular weight:
36521.005
Reactions
Dihydrotestosterone + Acceptor → Testosterone + Reduced acceptordetails