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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 14:58:04 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0001520
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB01520
Metabolite Identification
Common NameFlavin mononucleotide
DescriptionFlavin mononucleotide (FMN), or riboflavin-5′-phosphate, is a biomolecule produced from riboflavin (vitamin B2) by the enzyme riboflavin kinase and functions as the prosthetic group of various oxidoreductases, including NADH dehydrogenase, as well as cofactor in biological blue-light photo receptors. During the catalytic cycle, a reversible interconversion of the oxidized (FMN), semiquinone (FMNH), and reduced (FMNH2) forms occurs in the various oxidoreductases. FMN is a stronger oxidizing agent than NAD and is particularly useful because it can take part in both one- and two-electron transfers. In its role as blue-light photo receptor, (oxidized) FMN stands out from the 'conventional' photo receptors as the signaling state and not an E/Z isomerization. It is the principal form in which riboflavin is found in cells and tissues. It requires more energy to produce, but is more soluble than riboflavin. Flavin mononucleotide belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavin nucleotides. These are nucleotides containing a flavin moiety. Flavin is a compound that contains the tricyclic isoalloxazine ring system, which bears 2 oxo groups at the 2- and 4-positions. Flavin mononucleotide exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Within humans, flavin mononucleotide participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, formic acid and flavin mononucleotide can be biosynthesized from FMNH2; which is catalyzed by the enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase. In addition, formic acid and flavin mononucleotide can be biosynthesized from FMNH2 through the action of the enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase. In humans, flavin mononucleotide is involved in bloch pathway (cholesterol biosynthesis). Outside of the human body, flavin mononucleotide has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), horseradish tree, black elderberries, angelica, and ostrich ferns.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC17H21N4O9P
Average Molecular Weight456.3438
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight456.104614802
IUPAC Name{[(2R,3S,4S)-5-{7,8-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-2H,3H,4H,10H-benzo[g]pteridin-10-yl}-2,3,4-trihydroxypentyl]oxy}phosphonic acid
Traditional Nameriboflavin 5'-phosphate
CAS Registry Number146-17-8
SMILES
CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)COP(O)(O)=O)C1=NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=N2
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C17H21N4O9P/c1-7-3-9-10(4-8(7)2)21(15-13(18-9)16(25)20-17(26)19-15)5-11(22)14(24)12(23)6-30-31(27,28)29/h3-4,11-12,14,22-24H,5-6H2,1-2H3,(H,20,25,26)(H2,27,28,29)/t11-,12+,14-/m0/s1
InChI KeyFVTCRASFADXXNN-SCRDCRAPSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavin nucleotides. These are nucleotides containing a flavin moiety. Flavin is a compound that contains the tricyclic isoalloxazine ring system, which bears 2 oxo groups at the 2- and 4-positions.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassNucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
ClassFlavin nucleotides
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentFlavin nucleotides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Flavin nucleotide
  • Flavin
  • Isoalloxazine
  • Diazanaphthalene
  • Pteridine
  • Quinoxaline
  • Monoalkyl phosphate
  • Pyrimidone
  • Pyrazine
  • Organic phosphoric acid derivative
  • Phosphoric acid ester
  • Benzenoid
  • Alkyl phosphate
  • Pyrimidine
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Lactam
  • Azacycle
  • Polyol
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Biological locationSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point290 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility92 mg/mLNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Not Available197.8http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000127
[M+H]+Not Available200.6http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000127
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm (predicted from logP)
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Feces
Tissue Locations
  • Erythrocyte
  • Eye Lens
  • Placenta
  • Platelet
  • Skeletal Muscle
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.0084 (0.0035-0.013) uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.016 +/- 0.009 uMAdolescent (13-18 years old)FemaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.0075 (0.004-0.011) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.013 +/- 0.006 uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothMalnutrition (type kwashiorkor and marasmus) details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.012 +/- 0.006 uMAdolescent (13-18 years old)FemaleAnorexia nervosa details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Metastatic melanoma
details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Anorexia nervosa
  1. Capo-chichi CD, Gueant JL, Lefebvre E, Bennani N, Lorentz E, Vidailhet C, Vidailhet M: Riboflavin and riboflavin-derived cofactors in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Apr;69(4):672-8. [PubMed:10197568 ]
Metastatic melanoma
  1. Frankel AE, Coughlin LA, Kim J, Froehlich TW, Xie Y, Frenkel EP, Koh AY: Metagenomic Shotgun Sequencing and Unbiased Metabolomic Profiling Identify Specific Human Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Associated with Immune Checkpoint Therapy Efficacy in Melanoma Patients. Neoplasia. 2017 Oct;19(10):848-855. doi: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.08.004. Epub 2017 Sep 15. [PubMed:28923537 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB03247
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB030862
KNApSAcK IDC00019686
Chemspider ID559060
KEGG Compound IDC00061
BioCyc IDFMN
BiGG ID33703
Wikipedia LinkFlavin_mononucleotide
METLIN ID6295
PubChem Compound643976
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID17621
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDFMN
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceOno, Shigeru; Hirano, Hiroko; Sato, Yoshiyuki. Formation of flavin adenine dinucleotide and flavin mononucleotide by lens homogenate. Experimental Eye Research (1982), 34(2), 297-301.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 32 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in acid phosphatase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
ACP2
Uniprot ID:
P11117
Molecular weight:
48343.92
Reactions
Flavin mononucleotide + Water → Riboflavin + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in acid phosphatase activity
Specific function:
Acts on tyrosine phosphorylated proteins, low-MW aryl phosphates and natural and synthetic acyl phosphates. Isoform 3 does not possess phosphatase activity.
Gene Name:
ACP1
Uniprot ID:
P24666
Molecular weight:
18042.315
Reactions
Flavin mononucleotide + Water → Riboflavin + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity
Specific function:
Involved in osteopontin/bone sialoprotein dephosphorylation. Its expression seems to increase in certain pathological states such as Gaucher and Hodgkin diseases, the hairy cell, the B-cell, and the T-cell leukemias.
Gene Name:
ACP5
Uniprot ID:
P13686
Molecular weight:
36598.47
Reactions
Flavin mononucleotide + Water → Riboflavin + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in acid phosphatase activity
Specific function:
A non-specific tyrosine phosphatase that dephosphorylates a diverse number of substrates under acidic conditions (pH 4-6) including alkyl, aryl, and acyl orthophosphate monoesters and phosphorylated proteins. Has lipid phosphatase activity and inactivates lysophosphatidic acid in seminal plasma. Isoform 2: the cellular form also has ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Generates adenosine from AMP which acts as a pain suppressor. Acts as a tumor suppressor of prostate cancer through dephosphorylation of ERBB2 and deactivation of MAPK-mediated signaling.
Gene Name:
ACPP
Uniprot ID:
P15309
Molecular weight:
44565.715
Reactions
Flavin mononucleotide + Water → Riboflavin + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Involved primarily in ATP hydrolysis at the plasma membrane. Plays a role in regulating pyrophosphate levels, and functions in bone mineralization and soft tissue calcification. In vitro, has a broad specificity, hydrolyzing other nucleoside 5' triphosphates such as GTP, CTP, TTP and UTP to their corresponding monophosphates with release of pyrophosphate and diadenosine polyphosphates, and also 3',5'-cAMP to AMP. May also be involved in the regulation of the availability of nucleotide sugars in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, and the regulation of purinergic signaling. Appears to modulate insulin sensitivity.
Gene Name:
ENPP1
Uniprot ID:
P22413
Molecular weight:
104923.58
Reactions
FAD + Water → Adenosine monophosphate + Flavin mononucleotidedetails
General function:
Involved in iron ion binding
Specific function:
Catalyzes a dehydrogenation to introduce C5-6 double bond into lathosterol.
Gene Name:
SC5DL
Uniprot ID:
O75845
Molecular weight:
35300.55
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
This enzyme is required for electron transfer from NADP to cytochrome P450 in microsomes. It can also provide electron transfer to heme oxygenase and cytochrome B5.
Gene Name:
POR
Uniprot ID:
P16435
Molecular weight:
77047.575
References
  1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate with quinone as electron acceptor.
Gene Name:
DHODH
Uniprot ID:
Q02127
Molecular weight:
42866.93
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]
General function:
Involved in NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
Specific function:
Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (By similarity).
Gene Name:
NDUFV1
Uniprot ID:
P49821
Molecular weight:
49867.66
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Cleaves a variety of phosphodiester and phosphosulfate bonds including deoxynucleotides, nucleotide sugars, and NAD (By similarity).
Gene Name:
ENPP3
Uniprot ID:
O14638
Molecular weight:
100123.54
Reactions
FAD + Water → Adenosine monophosphate + Flavin mononucleotidedetails

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 32 proteins in total.