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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:49:07 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000975
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00975
Metabolite Identification
Common NameTrehalose
DescriptionTrehalose, also known as mycose, is a 1-alpha (disaccharide) sugar found extensively but not abundantly in nature. It is thought to be implicated in anhydrobiosis - the ability of plants and animals to withstand prolonged periods of desiccation. The sugar is thought to form a gel phase as cells dehydrate, which prevents disruption of internal cell organelles by effectively splinting them in position. Rehydration then allows normal cellular activity to be resumed without the major, generally lethal damage that would normally follow a dehydration/reyhdration cycle. Trehalose is a non-reducing sugar formed from two glucose units joined by a 1-1 alpha bond giving it the name of alpha-D-glucopyranoglucopyranosyl-1,1-alpha-D-glucopyranoside. The bonding makes trehalose very resistant to acid hydrolysis, and therefore stable in solution at high temperatures even under acidic conditions. The bonding also keeps non-reducing sugars in closed-ring form, such that the aldehyde or ketone end-groups do not bind to the lysine or arginine residues of proteins (a process called glycation). The enzyme trehalase, present but not abundant in most people, breaks it into two glucose molecules, which can then be readily absorbed in the gut. Trehalose is an important components of insects circulating fluid. It acts as a storage form of insect circulating fluid and it is important in respiration. Trehalose has also been found to be a metabolite of Burkholderia, Escherichia and Propionibacterium (PMID:12105274 ; PMID:25479689 ) (krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/84382/1/88571%20P-1257.pdf).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC12H22O11
Average Molecular Weight342.2965
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight342.116211546
IUPAC Name(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol
Traditional Nameα,α'-trehalose
CAS Registry Number99-20-7
SMILES
OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)7(17)9(19)11(21-3)23-12-10(20)8(18)6(16)4(2-14)22-12/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-,7+,8+,9-,10-,11-,12-/m1/s1
InChI KeyHDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-glycosyl compounds. These are glycoside in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a O-glycosidic bond.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentO-glycosyl compounds
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • O-glycosyl compound
  • Disaccharide
  • Oxane
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Polyol
  • Acetal
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point203 °CNot Available
Boiling Point586.70 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility1000000 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
LogP-1.650 (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Astarita_neg166.730932474
[M-H]-Not Available169.9http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000416
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen Locations
  • Feces
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Epidermis
  • Fibroblasts
  • Kidney
  • Platelet
  • Skeletal Muscle
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified5.298 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Normal
    • Analysis of 30 no...
details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Cryptosporidium infection
details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB12310
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB001114
KNApSAcK IDC00001152
Chemspider ID7149
KEGG Compound IDC01083
BioCyc IDTREHALOSE
BiGG ID36774
Wikipedia LinkTrehalose
METLIN ID5913
PubChem Compound7427
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID16551
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDTRE
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1701121
References
Synthesis ReferenceMurao, Sawao; Nagano, Hiroto; Ogura, Sei; Nishino, Toyokazu. Enzymic synthesis of trehalose from maltose. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry (1985), 49(7), 2113-18.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Intestinal trehalase is probably involved in the hydrolysis of ingested trehalose.
Gene Name:
TREH
Uniprot ID:
O43280
Molecular weight:
66567.26
Reactions
Trehalose + Water → D-Glucose + alpha-D-Glucosedetails
Trehalose + Water → D-Glucosedetails