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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:49:07 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000900
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00900
Metabolite Identification
Common NameErgocalciferol
DescriptionErgocalciferol is a form of Vitamin D, also called vitamin D2. It is created from viosterol, which in turn is created when ultraviolet light activates ergosterol. Ergocalciferol is used in the treatment of hypcalcemia and in dialysis-dependent renal failure. Ergoalcifediol is a fat soluble steroid hormone precursor of vitamin D that contributes to the maintenance of normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the bloodstream. Vitamin D2 is the form of vitamin D most commonly added to foods and nutritional supplements. Vitamin D2 must be transformed (hydroxylated) into one of two active forms via the liver or kidney. Once transformed, it binds to the vitamin D receptor that then leads to a variety of regulatory roles.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC28H44O
Average Molecular Weight396.6484
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight396.33921603
IUPAC Name(1S,3Z)-3-{2-[(1R,3aS,4E,7aR)-1-[(2R,3E,5R)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7a-methyl-octahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene}-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol
Traditional Nameergocalciferol
CAS Registry Number50-14-6
SMILES
[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])\C(CCC[C@]12C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C)[C@H](C)\C=C\[C@H](C)C(C)C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C28H44O/c1-19(2)20(3)9-10-22(5)26-15-16-27-23(8-7-17-28(26,27)6)12-13-24-18-25(29)14-11-21(24)4/h9-10,12-13,19-20,22,25-27,29H,4,7-8,11,14-18H2,1-3,5-6H3/b10-9+,23-12+,24-13-/t20-,22+,25-,26+,27-,28+/m0/s1
InChI KeyMECHNRXZTMCUDQ-RKHKHRCZSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as vitamin d and derivatives. Vitamin D and derivatives are compounds containing a secosteroid backbone, usually secoergostane or secocholestane.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSteroids and steroid derivatives
Sub ClassVitamin D and derivatives
Direct ParentVitamin D and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Triterpenoid
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point116.5 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.05 mg/mLNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+Not Available203.385http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000448
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
  • Mitochondria
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Bladder
  • Brain
  • Epidermis
  • Fibroblasts
  • Intestine
  • Kidney
  • Liver
  • Neuron
  • Ovary
  • Pancreas
  • Placenta
  • Prostate
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Spleen
  • Testis
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.003 (0.000-0.007) uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified0.0025 (0.0008-0.0042) uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified0.008 +/- 0.002 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Zerihun T. Dame, ...
details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.0032 (0.0017-0.0047) uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleAnephrism details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Anephric patients
  1. Shepard RM, Horst RL, Hamstra AJ, DeLuca HF: Determination of vitamin D and its metabolites in plasma from normal and anephric man. Biochem J. 1979 Jul 15;182(1):55-69. [PubMed:227368 ]
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00153
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB012811
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID4444351
KEGG Compound IDC05441
BioCyc IDVITAMIN_D2
BiGG ID2289183
Wikipedia LinkErgocalciferol
METLIN ID5856
PubChem Compound5280793
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID28934
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDVITD2
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceOkabe, Masami. Vitamin D2 from ergosterol (9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol,(3b)- from ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol,(3b)-). Organic Syntheses (1999), 76 275-286.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular weight:
57255.585
References
  1. Binkley N, Ramamurthy R, Krueger D: Low vitamin D status: definition, prevalence, consequences, and correction. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2010 Jun;39(2):287-301, table of contents. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2010.02.008. [PubMed:20511052 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the first step in the oxidation of the side chain of sterol intermediates; the 27-hydroxylation of 5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-triol. Has also a vitamin D3-25-hydroxylase activity.
Gene Name:
CYP27A1
Uniprot ID:
Q02318
Molecular weight:
60234.28
References
  1. Binkley N, Ramamurthy R, Krueger D: Low vitamin D status: definition, prevalence, consequences, and correction. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2010 Jun;39(2):287-301, table of contents. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2010.02.008. [PubMed:20511052 ]
  2. Masuda S, Strugnell SA, Knutson JC, St-Arnaud R, Jones G: Evidence for the activation of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2 by 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase: delineation of pathways involving 1alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D2 and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Feb;1761(2):221-34. Epub 2006 Feb 2. [PubMed:16516540 ]
  3. Sakaki T, Kagawa N, Yamamoto K, Inouye K: Metabolism of vitamin D3 by cytochromes P450. Front Biosci. 2005 Jan 1;10:119-34. Print 2005 Jan 1. [PubMed:15574355 ]
  4. Abe D, Sakaki T, Kusudo T, Kittaka A, Saito N, Suhara Y, Fujishima T, Takayama H, Hamamoto H, Kamakura M, Ohta M, Inouye K: Metabolism of 2 alpha-propoxy-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 2 alpha-(3-hydroxypropoxy)-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by human CYP27A1 and CYP24A1. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Jun;33(6):778-84. Epub 2005 Mar 11. [PubMed:15764712 ]
  5. Sakaki T: [Recent studies on vitamin D metabolizing enzymes]. Clin Calcium. 2006 Jul;16(7):1129-35. [PubMed:16816472 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D) to 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D) plays an important role in normal bone growth, calcium metabolism, and tissue differentiation.
Gene Name:
CYP27B1
Uniprot ID:
O15528
Molecular weight:
56503.475
References
  1. Turunen MM, Dunlop TW, Carlberg C, Vaisanen S: Selective use of multiple vitamin D response elements underlies the 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-mediated negative regulation of the human CYP27B1 gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 2007;35(8):2734-47. Epub 2007 Apr 10. [PubMed:17426122 ]
  2. Gallagher JC, Sai AJ: Vitamin D insufficiency, deficiency, and bone health. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jun;95(6):2630-3. doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-0918. [PubMed:20525913 ]
  3. Sakaki T, Kagawa N, Yamamoto K, Inouye K: Metabolism of vitamin D3 by cytochromes P450. Front Biosci. 2005 Jan 1;10:119-34. Print 2005 Jan 1. [PubMed:15574355 ]
  4. Sakaki T: [Recent studies on vitamin D metabolizing enzymes]. Clin Calcium. 2006 Jul;16(7):1129-35. [PubMed:16816472 ]
  5. Inouye K, Sakaki T: Enzymatic studies on the key enzymes of vitamin D metabolism; 1 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) and 24-hydroxylase (CYP24). Biotechnol Annu Rev. 2001;7:179-94. [PubMed:11686044 ]
General function:
Involved in sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
Specific function:
Nuclear hormone receptor. Transcription factor that mediates the action of vitamin D3 by controlling the expression of hormone sensitive genes. Regulates transcription of hormone sensitive genes via its association with the WINAC complex, a chromatin-remodeling complex. Recruited to promoters via its interaction with the WINAC complex subunit BAZ1B/WSTF, which mediates the interaction with acetylated histones, an essential step for VDR-promoter association. Plays a central role in calcium homeostasis
Gene Name:
VDR
Uniprot ID:
P11473
Molecular weight:
48288.6
References
  1. Carvallo L, Henriquez B, Olate J, van Wijnen AJ, Lian JB, Stein GS, Onate S, Stein JL, Montecino M: The 1alpha,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 receptor preferentially recruits the coactivator SRC-1 during up-regulation of the osteocalcin gene. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Mar;103(3-5):420-4. Epub 2007 Jan 10. [PubMed:17218095 ]
  2. Liu W, Tretiakova M, Kong J, Turkyilmaz M, Li YC, Krausz T: Expression of vitamin D3 receptor in kidney tumors. Hum Pathol. 2006 Oct;37(10):1268-78. Epub 2006 Jul 27. [PubMed:16949927 ]
  3. Ewing AK, Attner M, Chakravarti D: Novel regulatory role for human Acf1 in transcriptional repression of vitamin D3 receptor-regulated genes. Mol Endocrinol. 2007 Aug;21(8):1791-806. Epub 2007 May 22. [PubMed:17519354 ]
  4. Gallagher JC, Sai AJ: Vitamin D insufficiency, deficiency, and bone health. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jun;95(6):2630-3. doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-0918. [PubMed:20525913 ]
  5. Straube S, Derry S, Moore RA, McQuay HJ: Vitamin D for the treatment of chronic painful conditions in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jan 20;(1):CD007771. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007771.pub2. [PubMed:20091647 ]
  6. Jurutka PW, Bartik L, Whitfield GK, Mathern DR, Barthel TK, Gurevich M, Hsieh JC, Kaczmarska M, Haussler CA, Haussler MR: Vitamin D receptor: key roles in bone mineral pathophysiology, molecular mechanism of action, and novel nutritional ligands. J Bone Miner Res. 2007 Dec;22 Suppl 2:V2-10. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.07s216. [PubMed:18290715 ]
  7. Mikhak B, Hunter DJ, Spiegelman D, Platz EA, Hollis BW, Giovannucci E: Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and haplotypes, interactions with plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and prostate cancer risk. Prostate. 2007 Jun 15;67(9):911-23. [PubMed:17440943 ]
  8. Marks HD, Fleet JC, Peleg S: Transgenic expression of the human Vitamin D receptor (hVDR) in the duodenum of VDR-null mice attenuates the age-dependent decline in calcium absorption. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Mar;103(3-5):513-6. Epub 2007 Jan 5. [PubMed:17207992 ]
  9. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Has a role in maintaining calcium homeostasis. Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent 24-hydroxylation of calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)) and calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)). The enzyme can perform up to 6 rounds of hydroxylation of calcitriol leading to calcitroic acid. It also shows 23-hydroxylating activity leading to 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)-26,23-lactone as end product.
Gene Name:
CYP24A1
Uniprot ID:
Q07973
Molecular weight:
58874.695
References
  1. Masuda S, Strugnell SA, Knutson JC, St-Arnaud R, Jones G: Evidence for the activation of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2 by 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase: delineation of pathways involving 1alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D2 and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Feb;1761(2):221-34. Epub 2006 Feb 2. [PubMed:16516540 ]
  2. Sakaki T, Kagawa N, Yamamoto K, Inouye K: Metabolism of vitamin D3 by cytochromes P450. Front Biosci. 2005 Jan 1;10:119-34. Print 2005 Jan 1. [PubMed:15574355 ]
  3. Abe D, Sakaki T, Kusudo T, Kittaka A, Saito N, Suhara Y, Fujishima T, Takayama H, Hamamoto H, Kamakura M, Ohta M, Inouye K: Metabolism of 2 alpha-propoxy-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 2 alpha-(3-hydroxypropoxy)-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by human CYP27A1 and CYP24A1. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Jun;33(6):778-84. Epub 2005 Mar 11. [PubMed:15764712 ]
  4. Sakaki T: [Recent studies on vitamin D metabolizing enzymes]. Clin Calcium. 2006 Jul;16(7):1129-35. [PubMed:16816472 ]
  5. Inouye K, Sakaki T: Enzymatic studies on the key enzymes of vitamin D metabolism; 1 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) and 24-hydroxylase (CYP24). Biotechnol Annu Rev. 2001;7:179-94. [PubMed:11686044 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Has a D-25-hydroxylase activity on both forms of vitamin D, vitamin D(2) and D(3).
Gene Name:
CYP2R1
Uniprot ID:
Q6VVX0
Molecular weight:
57358.82
References
  1. Ramos-Lopez E, Bruck P, Jansen T, Pfeilschifter JM, Radeke HH, Badenhoop K: CYP2R1-, CYP27B1- and CYP24-mRNA expression in German type 1 diabetes patients. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Mar;103(3-5):807-10. Epub 2007 Jan 16. [PubMed:17223345 ]
  2. Ramos-Lopez E, Bruck P, Jansen T, Herwig J, Badenhoop K: CYP2R1 (vitamin D 25-hydroxylase) gene is associated with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes and vitamin D levels in Germans. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2007 Nov;23(8):631-6. [PubMed:17607662 ]
  3. Masuda S, Strugnell SA, Knutson JC, St-Arnaud R, Jones G: Evidence for the activation of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2 by 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase: delineation of pathways involving 1alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D2 and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Feb;1761(2):221-34. Epub 2006 Feb 2. [PubMed:16516540 ]
General function:
Involved in magnesium ion binding
Specific function:
Can act both as nucleotidase and as phosphotransferase.
Gene Name:
NT5C3
Uniprot ID:
Q9H0P0
Molecular weight:
33914.91
General function:
Involved in thymidylate kinase activity
Specific function:
May participate in dUTP and dCTP synthesis in mitochondria. Is able to phosphorylate dUMP, dCMP, CMP, UMP and monophosphates of the pyrimidine nucleoside analogs ddC, dFdC, araC, BVDU and FdUrd with ATP as phosphate donor. Efficacy is highest for dUMP followed by dCMP; CMP and UMP are poor substrates. May be involved in mtDNA depletion caused by long term treatment with ddC or other pyrimidine analogs.
Gene Name:
CMPK2
Uniprot ID:
Q5EBM0
Molecular weight:
44958.27
General function:
Involved in magnesium ion binding
Specific function:
Can act both as nucleotidase and as phosphotransferase (By similarity).
Gene Name:
NT5C3L
Uniprot ID:
Q969T7
Molecular weight:
Not Available