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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:15:11 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000807
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00807
Metabolite Identification
Common Name3-Phosphoglyceric acid
Description3-Phosphoglyceric acid, also known as 3PG, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. Sugar acids and derivatives are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group. 3PG is the conjugate acid of glycerate 3-phosphate (GP or G3P). It is a solid that is soluble in water. 3-Phosphoglyceric acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. The glycerate is a biochemically significant metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis and the Calvin cycle. This is the first compound formed during the C3 or Calvin cycle. Glycerate 3-phosphate is also a precursor for serine, which, in turn, can create cysteine and glycine through the homocysteine cycle. Within humans, 3-phosphoglyceric acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, 3-phosphoglyceric acid can be biosynthesized from glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate, which is mediated by the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase 1. In addition, 3PG can be converted into 2-phospho-D-glyceric acid, which is catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase 2. 3-phosphoglyceric acid is involved in the Warburg effect (aerobic glycolysis), a metabolic shift that is a hallmark of cancer (PMID: 29362480 ).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC3H7O7P
Average Molecular Weight186.0572
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight185.99293909
IUPAC Name2-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)propanoic acid
Traditional Namephosphoglycerate
CAS Registry Number820-11-1
SMILES
OC(COP(O)(O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C3H7O7P/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10-11(7,8)9/h2,4H,1H2,(H,5,6)(H2,7,8,9)
InChI KeyOSJPPGNTCRNQQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. Sugar acids and derivatives are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentSugar acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Glyceric_acid
  • Monoalkyl phosphate
  • Alpha-hydroxy acid
  • Hydroxy acid
  • Monosaccharide
  • Organic phosphoric acid derivative
  • Phosphoric acid ester
  • Alkyl phosphate
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Alcohol
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Biological locationSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Astarita_neg126.030932474
[M-H]-Baker125.60530932474
[M-H]-Not Available125.605http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000415
[M+H]+Not Available136.4http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000415
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm (predicted from logP)
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cellular Cytoplasm
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Placenta
  • Prostate
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
SalivaDetected and Quantified6.07 +/- 3.08 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleAlzheimer's disease details
SalivaDetected and Quantified7.73 +/- 6.31 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleFrontotemporal lobe dementia details
SalivaDetected and Quantified8.40 +/- 9.51 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothLewy body disease details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Bladder cancer
details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Alzheimer's disease
  1. Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
Frontotemporal dementia
  1. Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
Lewy body disease
  1. Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB022255
KNApSAcK IDC00007286
Chemspider ID704
KEGG Compound IDC00597
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG ID34230
Wikipedia Link3-Phosphoglyceric_acid
METLIN ID150
PubChem Compound724
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID17050
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceJakoby, Wm. B.; Brummond, Dewey O.; Ochoa, Severo. Formation of 3-phosphoglyceric acid by carbon dioxide fixation with spinach-leaf enzymes. Journal of Biological Chemistry (1956), 218 811-22.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 11 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Plays a major role in regulating hemoglobin oxygen affinity by controlling the levels of its allosteric effector 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG). Also exhibits mutase (EC 5.4.2.1) and phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.13) activities.
Gene Name:
BPGM
Uniprot ID:
P07738
Molecular weight:
30004.98
Reactions
2-Phospho-D-glyceric acid → 3-Phosphoglyceric aciddetails
2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid + Water → 3-Phosphoglyceric acid + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Interconversion of 3- and 2-phosphoglycerate with 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate as the primer of the reaction. Can also catalyze the reaction of EC 5.4.2.4 (synthase) and EC 3.1.3.13 (phosphatase), but with a reduced activity.
Gene Name:
PGAM2
Uniprot ID:
P15259
Molecular weight:
28765.96
Reactions
2-Phospho-D-glyceric acid → 3-Phosphoglyceric aciddetails
2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid + Water → 3-Phosphoglyceric acid + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
PGAM4
Uniprot ID:
Q8N0Y7
Molecular weight:
28776.605
Reactions
2-Phospho-D-glyceric acid → 3-Phosphoglyceric aciddetails
2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid + Water → 3-Phosphoglyceric acid + Phosphatedetails
3-Phosphoglyceric acid → 2-Phospho-D-glyceric aciddetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Interconversion of 3- and 2-phosphoglycerate with 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate as the primer of the reaction. Can also catalyze the reaction of EC 5.4.2.4 (synthase) and EC 3.1.3.13 (phosphatase), but with a reduced activity.
Gene Name:
PGAM1
Uniprot ID:
P18669
Molecular weight:
28803.675
Reactions
2-Phospho-D-glyceric acid → 3-Phosphoglyceric aciddetails
2,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid + Water → 3-Phosphoglyceric acid + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in acylphosphatase activity
Specific function:
Its physiological role is not yet clear.
Gene Name:
ACYP2
Uniprot ID:
P14621
Molecular weight:
11139.52
Reactions
Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate + Water → 3-Phosphoglyceric acid + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in acylphosphatase activity
Specific function:
Its physiological role is not yet clear.
Gene Name:
ACYP1
Uniprot ID:
P07311
Molecular weight:
11260.84
Reactions
Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphate + Water → 3-Phosphoglyceric acid + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
PHGDH
Uniprot ID:
O43175
Molecular weight:
56650.03
Reactions
3-Phosphoglyceric acid + NAD → Phosphohydroxypyruvic acid + NADHdetails
3-Phosphoglyceric acid + NAD → Phosphohydroxypyruvic acid + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails
General function:
Carbohydrate transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
PGK2
Uniprot ID:
P07205
Molecular weight:
44795.79
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + 3-Phosphoglyceric acid → ADP + Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in phosphoglycerate kinase activity
Specific function:
In addition to its role as a glycolytic enzyme, it seems that PGK-1 acts as a polymerase alpha cofactor protein (primer recognition protein).
Gene Name:
PGK1
Uniprot ID:
P00558
Molecular weight:
44614.36
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + 3-Phosphoglyceric acid → ADP + Glyceric acid 1,3-biphosphatedetails
General function:
Carbohydrate transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
GLYCTK
Uniprot ID:
Q8IVS8
Molecular weight:
25036.865
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Glyceric acid → ADP + 3-Phosphoglyceric aciddetails

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 11 proteins in total.