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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:49:00 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000244
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00244
Metabolite Identification
Common NameRiboflavin
DescriptionRiboflavin or vitamin B2 is an easily absorbed, water-soluble micronutrient with a key role in maintaining human health. Like the other B vitamins, it supports energy production by aiding in the metabolizing of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Vitamin B2 is also required for red blood cell formation and respiration, antibody production, and for regulating human growth and reproduction. It is essential for healthy skin, nails, hair growth and general good health, including regulating thyroid activity. Riboflavin is found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables. Riboflavin is yellow or orange-yellow in color and in addition to being used as a food coloring it is also used to fortify some foods. It can be found in baby foods, breakfast cereals, sauces, processed cheese, fruit drinks and vitamin-enriched milk products. The richest natural source is yeast. It occurs in the free form only in the retina of the eye, in whey, and in urine; its principal forms in tissues and cells are as flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC17H20N4O6
Average Molecular Weight376.3639
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight376.138284392
IUPAC Name7,8-dimethyl-10-[(2S,3S,4R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl]-2H,3H,4H,10H-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
Traditional Nameriboflavin
CAS Registry Number83-88-5
SMILES
CC1=C(C)C=C2N(C[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)C3=NC(=O)NC(=O)C3=NC2=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C17H20N4O6/c1-7-3-9-10(4-8(7)2)21(5-11(23)14(25)12(24)6-22)15-13(18-9)16(26)20-17(27)19-15/h3-4,11-12,14,22-25H,5-6H2,1-2H3,(H,20,26,27)/t11-,12+,14-/m0/s1
InChI KeyAUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavins. Flavins are compounds containing a flavin (7,8-dimethyl-benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione) moiety, with a structure characterized by an isoalloaxzine tricyclic ring.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassPteridines and derivatives
Sub ClassAlloxazines and isoalloxazines
Direct ParentFlavins
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Flavin
  • Diazanaphthalene
  • Quinoxaline
  • Pyrimidone
  • Pyrazine
  • Pyrimidine
  • Benzenoid
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Lactam
  • Polyol
  • Azacycle
  • Alcohol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Not AvailableNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point290 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.085 mg/mLNot Available
LogP-1.46HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Baker189.34630932474
[M+H]+Baker192.42930932474
[M-H]-Not Available186.6http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000318
[M+H]+Not Available189.6http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000318
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Erythrocyte
  • Heart
  • Kidney
  • Liver
  • Placenta
  • Prostate
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Anorexia nervosa
  1. Capo-chichi CD, Gueant JL, Lefebvre E, Bennani N, Lorentz E, Vidailhet C, Vidailhet M: Riboflavin and riboflavin-derived cofactors in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Apr;69(4):672-8. [PubMed:10197568 ]
Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere Syndrome 1
  1. Udhayabanu T, Subramanian VS, Teafatiller T, Gowda VK, Raghavan VS, Varalakshmi P, Said HM, Ashokkumar B: SLC52A2 [p.P141T] and SLC52A3 [p.N21S] causing Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere Syndrome in an Indian patient: First genetically proven case with mutations in two riboflavin transporters. Clin Chim Acta. 2016 Nov 1;462:210-214. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.09.022. Epub 2016 Oct 1. [PubMed:27702554 ]
Alcoholism
  1. Dastur DK, Santhadevi N, Quadros EV, Avari FC, Wadia NH, Desai MN, Bharucha EP: The B-vitamins in malnutrition with alcoholism. A model of intervitamin relationships. Br J Nutr. 1976 Sep;36(2):143-59. [PubMed:182198 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  2. Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
  3. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB00140
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB012160
KNApSAcK IDC00001552
Chemspider ID431981
KEGG Compound IDC00255
BioCyc IDRIBOFLAVIN
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkRiboflavin
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound493570
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID17015
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDRIBFLV
MarkerDB IDMDB00000119
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceTishler, Max; Pfister, Karl, III; Babson, R. D.; Ladenburg, Kurt; Fleming, Ann J. Reaction between o-aminoazo compounds and barbituric acid. A new synthesis of riboflavin. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1947), 69 1487-92.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 14 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in acid phosphatase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
ACP2
Uniprot ID:
P11117
Molecular weight:
48343.92
Reactions
Flavin mononucleotide + Water → Riboflavin + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in acid phosphatase activity
Specific function:
Acts on tyrosine phosphorylated proteins, low-MW aryl phosphates and natural and synthetic acyl phosphates. Isoform 3 does not possess phosphatase activity.
Gene Name:
ACP1
Uniprot ID:
P24666
Molecular weight:
18042.315
Reactions
Flavin mononucleotide + Water → Riboflavin + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity
Specific function:
Involved in osteopontin/bone sialoprotein dephosphorylation. Its expression seems to increase in certain pathological states such as Gaucher and Hodgkin diseases, the hairy cell, the B-cell, and the T-cell leukemias.
Gene Name:
ACP5
Uniprot ID:
P13686
Molecular weight:
36598.47
Reactions
Flavin mononucleotide + Water → Riboflavin + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in acid phosphatase activity
Specific function:
A non-specific tyrosine phosphatase that dephosphorylates a diverse number of substrates under acidic conditions (pH 4-6) including alkyl, aryl, and acyl orthophosphate monoesters and phosphorylated proteins. Has lipid phosphatase activity and inactivates lysophosphatidic acid in seminal plasma. Isoform 2: the cellular form also has ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Generates adenosine from AMP which acts as a pain suppressor. Acts as a tumor suppressor of prostate cancer through dephosphorylation of ERBB2 and deactivation of MAPK-mediated signaling.
Gene Name:
ACPP
Uniprot ID:
P15309
Molecular weight:
44565.715
Reactions
Flavin mononucleotide + Water → Riboflavin + Phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOA preferentially oxidizes biogenic amines such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine and epinephrine.
Gene Name:
MAOA
Uniprot ID:
P21397
Molecular weight:
59681.27
References
  1. Strolin Benedetti M, Tipton KF, Whomsley R: Amine oxidases and monooxygenases in the in vivo metabolism of xenobiotic amines in humans: has the involvement of amine oxidases been neglected? Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Oct;21(5):467-80. [PubMed:17868200 ]
General function:
Involved in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co-substrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine.
Gene Name:
MTHFR
Uniprot ID:
P42898
Molecular weight:
74595.895
References
  1. Bates CJ, Fuller NJ: The effect of riboflavin deficiency on methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) (EC 1.5.1.20) and folate metabolism in the rat. Br J Nutr. 1986 Mar;55(2):455-64. [PubMed:3676170 ]
  2. Macdonald HM, McGuigan FE, Fraser WD, New SA, Ralston SH, Reid DM: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism interacts with riboflavin intake to influence bone mineral density. Bone. 2004 Oct;35(4):957-64. [PubMed:15454103 ]
General function:
Involved in phosphorylase activity
Specific function:
Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties.
Gene Name:
PYGL
Uniprot ID:
P06737
Molecular weight:
93133.25
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Broad specificity oxidoreductase that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a variety of flavins, such as riboflavin, FAD or FMN, biliverdins, methemoglobin and PQQ (pyrroloquinoline quinone). Contributes to heme catabolism and metabolizes linear tetrapyrroles. Can also reduce the complexed Fe(3+) iron to Fe(2+) in the presence of FMN and NADPH. In the liver, converts biliverdin to bilirubin.
Gene Name:
BLVRB
Uniprot ID:
P30043
Molecular weight:
22119.215
Reactions
Riboflavin reduced + NADP → Riboflavin + NADPHdetails
Riboflavin reduced + NADP → Riboflavin + NADPH + Hydrogen Iondetails
References
  1. Russell TR, Demeler B, Tu SC: Kinetic mechanism and quaternary structure of Aminobacter aminovorans NADH:flavin oxidoreductase: an unusual flavin reductase with bound flavin. Biochemistry. 2004 Feb 17;43(6):1580-90. [PubMed:14769034 ]
  2. van Pee KH, Patallo EP: Flavin-dependent halogenases involved in secondary metabolism in bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2006 May;70(6):631-41. Epub 2006 Mar 17. [PubMed:16544142 ]
General function:
Involved in riboflavin kinase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the phosphorylation of riboflavin (vitamin B2) to form flavin-mononucleotide (FMN).
Gene Name:
RFK
Uniprot ID:
Q969G6
Molecular weight:
17623.08
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + Riboflavin → ADP + Flavin mononucleotidedetails
References
  1. Werner R, Manthey KC, Griffin JB, Zempleni J: HepG2 cells develop signs of riboflavin deficiency within 4 days of culture in riboflavin-deficient medium. J Nutr Biochem. 2005 Oct;16(10):617-24. [PubMed:16081269 ]
  2. Solovieva IM, Kreneva RA, Errais Lopes L, Perumov DA: The riboflavin kinase encoding gene ribR of Bacillus subtilis is a part of a 10 kb operon, which is negatively regulated by the yrzC gene product. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2005 Feb 1;243(1):51-8. [PubMed:15668000 ]
  3. Ishchuk OP, Iatsyshyn VIu, Dmytruk KV, Voronovs'kyi AIa, Fedorovych DV, Sybirnyi AA: [Construction of the flavinogenic yeast Candida famata strains with high riboflavin kinase activity using gene engineering]. Ukr Biokhim Zh (1999). 2006 Sep-Oct;78(5):63-9. [PubMed:17290783 ]
  4. Sandoval FJ, Roje S: An FMN hydrolase is fused to a riboflavin kinase homolog in plants. J Biol Chem. 2005 Nov 18;280(46):38337-45. Epub 2005 Sep 23. [PubMed:16183635 ]
  5. Bertollo CM, Oliveira AC, Rocha LT, Costa KA, Nascimento EB Jr, Coelho MM: Characterization of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of riboflavin in different experimental models. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Oct 10;547(1-3):184-91. Epub 2006 Jul 26. [PubMed:16962092 ]
  6. Hirano G, Izumi H, Yasuniwa Y, Shimajiri S, Ke-Yong W, Sasagiri Y, Kusaba H, Matsumoto K, Hasegawa T, Akimoto M, Akashi K, Kohno K: Involvement of riboflavin kinase expression in cellular sensitivity against cisplatin. Int J Oncol. 2011 Apr;38(4):893-902. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2011.938. Epub 2011 Feb 9. [PubMed:21308351 ]
General function:
Involved in receptor activity
Specific function:
Riboflavin transporter. Riboflavin transport is Na(+)-independent but moderately pH-sensitive. Activity is strongly inhibited by riboflavin analogs, such as lumiflavin. Weakly inhibited by flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). In case of infection by retroviruses, acts as a cell receptor to retroviral envelopes similar to the porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV-A).
Gene Name:
SLC52A1
Uniprot ID:
Q9NWF4
Molecular weight:
46316.245

Transporters

General function:
Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Involved in the renal elimination of endogenous and exogenous organic anions. Functions as organic anion exchanger when the uptake of one molecule of organic anion is coupled with an efflux of one molecule of endogenous dicarboxylic acid (glutarate, ketoglutarate, etc). Mediates the sodium-independent uptake of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS). Mediates the sodium-independent uptake of p- aminohippurate (PAH), ochratoxin (OTA), acyclovir (ACV), 3'-azido- 3-'deoxythymidine (AZT), cimetidine (CMD), 2,4-dichloro- phenoxyacetate (2,4-D), hippurate (HA), indoleacetate (IA), indoxyl sulfate (IS) and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2- furanpropionate (CMPF), cidofovir, adefovir, 9-(2- phosphonylmethoxyethyl) guanine (PMEG), 9-(2- phosphonylmethoxyethyl) diaminopurine (PMEDAP) and edaravone sulfate. PAH uptake is inhibited by p- chloromercuribenzenesulphonate (PCMBS), diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC), sulindac, diclofenac, carprofen, glutarate and okadaic acid. PAH uptake is inhibited by benzothiazolylcysteine (BTC), S-chlorotrifluoroethylcysteine (CTFC), cysteine S-conjugates S-dichlorovinylcysteine (DCVC), furosemide, steviol, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), calcium ionophore A23187, benzylpenicillin, furosemide, indomethacin, bumetamide, losartan, probenecid, phenol red, urate, and alpha-ketoglutarate
Gene Name:
SLC22A6
Uniprot ID:
Q4U2R8
Molecular weight:
61815.8
References
  1. Kuze K, Graves P, Leahy A, Wilson P, Stuhlmann H, You G: Heterologous expression and functional characterization of a mouse renal organic anion transporter in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jan 15;274(3):1519-24. [PubMed:9880528 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 14 proteins in total.