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Showing metabocard for Glycerol (HMDB0000131)

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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:14:32 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000131
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00131
Metabolite Identification
Common NameGlycerol
DescriptionGlycerol or glycerin is a colourless, odourless, viscous liquid that is sweet-tasting and mostly non-toxic. It is widely used in the food industry as a sweetener and humectant and in pharmaceutical formulations. Glycerol is an important component of triglycerides (i.e. fats and oils) and of phospholipids. Glycerol is a three-carbon substance that forms the backbone of fatty acids in fats. When the body uses stored fat as a source of energy, glycerol and fatty acids are released into the bloodstream. The glycerol component can be converted into glucose by the liver and provides energy for cellular metabolism. Normally, glycerol shows very little acute toxicity and very high oral doses or acute exposures can be tolerated. On the other hand, chronically high levels of glycerol in the blood are associated with glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD). GKD causes the condition known as hyperglycerolemia, an accumulation of glycerol in the blood and urine. There are three clinically distinct forms of GKD: infantile, juvenile, and adult. The infantile form is the most severe and is associated with vomiting, lethargy, severe developmental delay, and adrenal insufficiency. The mechanisms of glycerol toxicity in infants are not known, but it appears to shift metabolism towards chronic acidosis. Acidosis typically occurs when arterial pH falls below 7.35. In infants with acidosis, the initial symptoms include poor feeding, vomiting, loss of appetite, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and lack of energy (lethargy). These can progress to heart, liver, and kidney abnormalities, seizures, coma, and possibly death. These are also the characteristic symptoms of untreated GKD. Many affected children with organic acidemias experience intellectual disability or delayed development. Patients with the adult form of GKD generally have no symptoms and are often detected fortuitously.
Structure
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MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0000131 (Glycerol)

  Mrv1652309032023532D          

  6  5  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
 9998.3738 9998.5712    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.0880 9998.9835    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.8056 9998.5712    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.6591 9998.9835    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9996.9445 9998.5712    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.3738 9997.7466    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  1  4  1  0  0  0  0
  1  6  1  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
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3D MOL for HMDB0000131 (Glycerol)

HMDB0000131
     RDKit          3D
Glycerol
 14 13  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -1.4107    1.4932    0.3222 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3058    0.2253   -0.1957 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1558   -0.5556    0.3989 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1787   -1.8233   -0.2267 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.1823    0.0505    0.0489 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3796    1.2993    0.5798 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.2389    1.5312    0.8782 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.2260   -0.3914   -0.0023 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1522    0.2356   -1.2946 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.2205   -0.6748    1.4813 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7049   -2.2298    0.0101 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.9630   -0.6322    0.4422 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3436    0.0998   -1.0502 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.3151    1.3723    0.9506 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  3  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  1  7  1  0
  2  8  1  0
  2  9  1  0
  3 10  1  0
  4 11  1  0
  5 12  1  0
  5 13  1  0
  6 14  1  0
M  END
Download

3D SDF for HMDB0000131 (Glycerol)

  Mrv1652309032023532D          

  6  5  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
 9998.3738 9998.5712    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.0880 9998.9835    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.8056 9998.5712    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.6591 9998.9835    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9996.9445 9998.5712    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.3738 9997.7466    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  1  4  1  0  0  0  0
  1  6  1  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0000131

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
OCC(O)CO

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C3H8O3/c4-1-3(6)2-5/h3-6H,1-2H2

> <INCHI_KEY>
PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C3H8O3

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
92.0938

> <EXACT_MASS>
92.047344122

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
3

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
14

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
8.934349980067854

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
3

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
propane-1,2,3-triol

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-1.93

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-1.8390140226666665

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
1.10

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
0

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA>
15.167747933654137

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
13.605499310321004

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-2.9679773519640786

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
60.69

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
20.516099999999998

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
2

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
1.17e+03 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
glycerol

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$
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3D-SDF for HMDB0000131 (Glycerol)

HMDB0000131
     RDKit          3D
Glycerol
 14 13  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -1.4107    1.4932    0.3222 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3058    0.2253   -0.1957 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1558   -0.5556    0.3989 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1787   -1.8233   -0.2267 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.1823    0.0505    0.0489 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3796    1.2993    0.5798 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.2389    1.5312    0.8782 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.2260   -0.3914   -0.0023 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1522    0.2356   -1.2946 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.2205   -0.6748    1.4813 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7049   -2.2298    0.0101 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.9630   -0.6322    0.4422 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3436    0.0998   -1.0502 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.3151    1.3723    0.9506 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  3  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  1  7  1  0
  2  8  1  0
  2  9  1  0
  3 10  1  0
  4 11  1  0
  5 12  1  0
  5 13  1  0
  6 14  1  0
M  END
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PDB for HMDB0000131 (Glycerol)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 03-SEP-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   03-SEP-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0    8663.6318664.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0    8664.9648664.769   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  O   UNK     0    8666.3048664.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0    8662.2978664.769   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  O   UNK     0    8660.9638664.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    6  O   UNK     0    8663.6318662.460   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    2    4    6                                                  
CONECT    2    1    3                                                       
CONECT    3    2                                                            
CONECT    4    1    5                                                       
CONECT    5    4                                                            
CONECT    6    1                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    6    0   10    0
END
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3D PDB for HMDB0000131 (Glycerol)

COMPND    HMDB0000131
HETATM    1  O1  UNL     1      -1.411   1.493   0.322  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    2  C1  UNL     1      -1.306   0.225  -0.196  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  C2  UNL     1      -0.156  -0.556   0.399  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    4  O2  UNL     1      -0.179  -1.823  -0.227  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    5  C3  UNL     1       1.182   0.050   0.049  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  O3  UNL     1       1.380   1.299   0.580  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    7  H1  UNL     1      -2.239   1.531   0.878  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    8  H2  UNL     1      -2.226  -0.391  -0.002  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    9  H3  UNL     1      -1.152   0.236  -1.295  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   10  H4  UNL     1      -0.220  -0.675   1.481  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   11  H5  UNL     1       0.705  -2.230   0.010  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   12  H6  UNL     1       1.963  -0.632   0.442  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   13  H7  UNL     1       1.344   0.100  -1.050  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   14  H8  UNL     1       2.315   1.372   0.951  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2    7
CONECT    2    3    8    9
CONECT    3    4    5   10
CONECT    4   11
CONECT    5    6   12   13
CONECT    6   14
END
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SMILES for HMDB0000131 (Glycerol)

OCC(O)CO
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INCHI for HMDB0000131 (Glycerol)

InChI=1S/C3H8O3/c4-1-3(6)2-5/h3-6H,1-2H2
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View in JSmolView NMR AssignmentsView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC3H8O3
Average Molecular Weight92.0938
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight92.047344122
IUPAC Namepropane-1,2,3-triol
Traditional Nameglycerol
CAS Registry Number56-81-5
SMILES
OCC(O)CO
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C3H8O3/c4-1-3(6)2-5/h3-6H,1-2H2
InChI KeyPEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar alcohols. These are hydrogenated forms of carbohydrate in which the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone, reducing sugar) has been reduced to a primary or secondary hydroxyl group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentSugar alcohols
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Sugar alcohol
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Polyol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Health effectOrganoleptic effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Industrial applicationBiological role
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point20 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility1000 mg/mLNot Available
LogP-1.76HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Mitochondria
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Sweat
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Bladder
  • Brain
  • Epidermis
  • Kidney
  • Liver
  • Neuron
  • Pancreas
  • Placenta
  • Prostate
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Spleen
  • Testis
  • Thyroid Gland
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Glycerol kinase deficiency
  1. Sjarif DR, Hellerud C, van Amstel JK, Kleijer WJ, Sperl W, Lacombe D, Sass JO, Beemer FA, Duran M, Poll-The BT: Glycerol kinase deficiency: residual activity explained by reduced transcription and enzyme conformation. Eur J Hum Genet. 2004 Jun;12(6):424-32. [PubMed:15026783 ]
  2. Eriksson A, Lindstedt S, Ransnas L, von Wendt L: Deficiency of glycerol kinase (EC 2.7.1.30). Clin Chem. 1983 Apr;29(4):718-22. [PubMed:6299616 ]
  3. Blomquist HK, Dahl N, Gustafsson L, Hellerud C, Holme E, Holmgren G, Matsson L, von Zweigbergk M: Glycerol kinase deficiency in two brothers with and without clinical manifestations. Clin Genet. 1996 Nov;50(5):375-9. [PubMed:9007327 ]
  4. Ramanjam V, Delport S, Wilmshurst JM: The diagnostic difficulties of complex glycerol kinase deficiency. J Child Neurol. 2010 Oct;25(10):1269-71. doi: 10.1177/0883073809357240. Epub 2010 Jan 28. [PubMed:20110216 ]
  5. G.Frauendienst-Egger, Friedrich K. Trefz (2017). MetaGene: Metabolic & Genetic Information Center (MIC: http://www.metagene.de). METAGENE consortium.
Diabetes mellitus type 2
  1. Blomqvist G, Alvarsson M, Grill V, Von Heijne G, Ingvar M, Thorell JO, Stone-Elander S, Widen L, Ekberg K: Effect of acute hyperketonemia on the cerebral uptake of ketone bodies in nondiabetic subjects and IDDM patients. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jul;283(1):E20-8. [PubMed:12067838 ]
Schizophrenia
  1. Xuan J, Pan G, Qiu Y, Yang L, Su M, Liu Y, Chen J, Feng G, Fang Y, Jia W, Xing Q, He L: Metabolomic profiling to identify potential serum biomarkers for schizophrenia and risperidone action. J Proteome Res. 2011 Dec 2;10(12):5433-43. doi: 10.1021/pr2006796. Epub 2011 Nov 8. [PubMed:22007635 ]
Early preeclampsia
  1. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomics and first-trimester prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;25(10):1840-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.680254. Epub 2012 Apr 28. [PubMed:22494326 ]
Pregnancy
  1. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomics and first-trimester prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;25(10):1840-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.680254. Epub 2012 Apr 28. [PubMed:22494326 ]
  2. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: First-trimester metabolomic detection of late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;208(1):58.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.003. Epub 2012 Nov 13. [PubMed:23159745 ]
  3. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomic analysis for first-trimester Down syndrome prediction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 May;208(5):371.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.12.035. Epub 2013 Jan 8. [PubMed:23313728 ]
  4. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Chelliah A, Mandal R, Dong E, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomic analysis for first-trimester trisomy 18 detection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jul;209(1):65.e1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.03.028. Epub 2013 Mar 25. [PubMed:23535240 ]
  5. Bahado-Singh RO, Ertl R, Mandal R, Bjorndahl TC, Syngelaki A, Han B, Dong E, Liu PB, Alpay-Savasan Z, Wishart DS, Nicolaides KH: Metabolomic prediction of fetal congenital heart defect in the first trimester. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Sep;211(3):240.e1-240.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.056. Epub 2014 Apr 1. [PubMed:24704061 ]
Late-onset preeclampsia
  1. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: First-trimester metabolomic detection of late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;208(1):58.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.003. Epub 2012 Nov 13. [PubMed:23159745 ]
Crohn's disease
  1. Marchesi JR, Holmes E, Khan F, Kochhar S, Scanlan P, Shanahan F, Wilson ID, Wang Y: Rapid and noninvasive metabonomic characterization of inflammatory bowel disease. J Proteome Res. 2007 Feb;6(2):546-51. [PubMed:17269711 ]
Ulcerative colitis
  1. Marchesi JR, Holmes E, Khan F, Kochhar S, Scanlan P, Shanahan F, Wilson ID, Wang Y: Rapid and noninvasive metabonomic characterization of inflammatory bowel disease. J Proteome Res. 2007 Feb;6(2):546-51. [PubMed:17269711 ]
  2. Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8. [PubMed:21761941 ]
Irritable bowel syndrome
  1. Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8. [PubMed:21761941 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Weir TL, Manter DK, Sheflin AM, Barnett BA, Heuberger AL, Ryan EP: Stool microbiome and metabolome differences between colorectal cancer patients and healthy adults. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 6;8(8):e70803. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070803. Print 2013. [PubMed:23940645 ]
  2. Ni Y, Xie G, Jia W: Metabonomics of human colorectal cancer: new approaches for early diagnosis and biomarker discovery. J Proteome Res. 2014 Sep 5;13(9):3857-70. doi: 10.1021/pr500443c. Epub 2014 Aug 14. [PubMed:25105552 ]
  3. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  4. Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
  5. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB09462
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB000756
KNApSAcK IDC00001163
Chemspider IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDC00116
BioCyc IDGLYCEROL
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkGlycerol
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound753
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID17754
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDGLYC
MarkerDB IDMDB00013420
Good Scents IDrw1008461
References
Synthesis ReferenceYang, Yifang. Purification of glycerol. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu (2007), 3pp.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 42 proteins in total.

Show all enzymes and transporters

Enzymes

Enzyme Details
1. Group IIE secretory phospholipase A2
General function:
Involved in phospholipase A2 activity
Specific function:
PA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. Has a preference for arachidonic-containing phospholipids.
Gene Name:
PLA2G2E
Uniprot ID:
Q9NZK7
Molecular weight:
15988.525
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]
Enzyme Details
2. Aldose reductase
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl-containing compounds to their corresponding alcohols with a broad range of catalytic efficiencies.
Gene Name:
AKR1B1
Uniprot ID:
P15121
Molecular weight:
35853.125
Reactions
Glycerol + NAD(P)(+) → Glyceraldehyde + NAD(P)Hdetails
Glycerol + NAD → Glyceraldehyde + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails
Glycerol + NADP → Glyceraldehyde + NADPH + Hydrogen Iondetails
Enzyme Details
3. Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform
General function:
Involved in acyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
CPT1B
Uniprot ID:
Q92523
Molecular weight:
83890.705
Enzyme Details
4. Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform
General function:
Involved in acyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the transfer of the acyl group of long-chain fatty acid-CoA conjugates onto carnitine, an essential step for the mitochondrial uptake of long-chain fatty acids and their subsequent beta-oxidation in the mitochondrion. Plays an important role in triglyceride metabolism.
Gene Name:
CPT1A
Uniprot ID:
P50416
Molecular weight:
86238.415
Enzyme Details
5. Lipoprotein lipase
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
The primary function of this lipase is the hydrolysis of triglycerides of circulating chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). Binding to heparin sulfate proteogylcans at the cell surface is vital to the function. The apolipoprotein, APOC2, acts as a coactivator of LPL activity in the presence of lipids on the luminal surface of vascular endothelium (By similarity).
Gene Name:
LPL
Uniprot ID:
P06858
Molecular weight:
53162.07
Reactions
Glycerol + Fatty acid → Triacylglyceroldetails
Enzyme Details
6. Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial
General function:
Involved in acyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
CPT2
Uniprot ID:
P23786
Molecular weight:
73776.335
Enzyme Details
7. Monoglyceride lipase
General function:
Lipid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Converts monoacylglycerides to free fatty acids and glycerol. Hydrolyzes the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and thereby contributes to the regulation of endocannabinoid signaling, nociperception and perception of pain (By similarity). Regulates the levels of fatty acids that serve as signaling molecules and promote cancer cell migration, invasion and tumor growth.
Gene Name:
MGLL
Uniprot ID:
Q99685
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
1-Acylglycerol + Water → Glycerol + Fatty aciddetails
Enzyme Details
8. Annexin A3
General function:
Involved in calcium ion binding
Specific function:
Inhibitor of phospholipase A2, also possesses anti- coagulant properties. Also cleaves the cyclic bond of inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate to form inositol 1-phosphate
Gene Name:
ANXA3
Uniprot ID:
P12429
Molecular weight:
36374.8
Enzyme Details
9. Bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 1
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Bifunctional enzyme with both ATP sulfurylase and APS kinase activity, which mediates two steps in the sulfate activation pathway. The first step is the transfer of a sulfate group to ATP to yield adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS), and the second step is the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to APS yielding 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate (PAPS: activated sulfate donor used by sulfotransferase). In mammals, PAPS is the sole source of sulfate; APS appears to be only an intermediate in the sulfate-activation pathway. Also involved in the biosynthesis of sulfated L-selectin ligands in endothelial cells.
Gene Name:
PAPSS1
Uniprot ID:
O43252
Molecular weight:
70832.725
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]
Enzyme Details
10. Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:
LPH splits lactose in the small intestine.
Gene Name:
LCT
Uniprot ID:
P09848
Molecular weight:
218584.77

Transporters

Enzyme Details
1. Multidrug resistance protein 1
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells
Gene Name:
ABCB1
Uniprot ID:
P08183
Molecular weight:
141477.3
References
  1. Konishi T, Satsu H, Hatsugai Y, Aizawa K, Inakuma T, Nagata S, Sakuda SH, Nagasawa H, Shimizu M: Inhibitory effect of a bitter melon extract on the P-glycoprotein activity in intestinal Caco-2 cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Oct;143(3):379-87. Epub 2004 Sep 6. [PubMed:15351776 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 42 proteins in total.

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