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Showing metabocard for Betaine (HMDB0000043)

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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-05-30 20:55:59 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000043
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00043
  • HMDB0059606
  • HMDB59606
Metabolite Identification
Common NameBetaine
Description
Structure
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MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0000043 (Betaine)

  Mrv1652307172023112D          

  8  7  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    1.4289    0.4125    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145    0.0000    0.0000 N   0  3  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4289   -0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1270    0.7145    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3020   -0.7145    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145   -0.8250    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  2  4  1  0  0  0  0
  2  5  1  0  0  0  0
  2  6  1  0  0  0  0
  3  7  1  0  0  0  0
  1  7  1  0  0  0  0
  7  8  2  0  0  0  0
M  CHG  1   2   1
M  END
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3D MOL for HMDB0000043 (Betaine)

HMDB0000043
     RDKit          3D
Betaine
 20 19  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -0.2244   -1.4792   -0.2780 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.5044   -0.0854   -0.0967 N   0  0  0  0  0  4  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6546    0.2771   -0.9164 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8093    0.2771    1.2608 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6740    0.6588   -0.5388 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8508    0.2029    0.2180 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8189   -0.6824    1.0948 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.0763    0.7946   -0.0598 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6830   -1.6593   -0.9030 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1175   -1.9448    0.7426 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0689   -1.9751   -0.8373 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.5369   -0.2407   -0.4461 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7976    1.3738   -0.9660 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5756   -0.1447   -1.9394 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5625    1.1142    1.2542 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0409    0.6391    1.8418 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3018   -0.5480    1.8262 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8663    0.4025   -1.6188 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.5129    1.7512   -0.5042 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.6302    1.2684    0.6373 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  1  0
  2  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  2  0
  6  8  1  0
  1  9  1  0
  1 10  1  0
  1 11  1  0
  3 12  1  0
  3 13  1  0
  3 14  1  0
  4 15  1  0
  4 16  1  0
  4 17  1  0
  5 18  1  0
  5 19  1  0
  8 20  1  0
M  CHG  1   2   1
M  END
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3D SDF for HMDB0000043 (Betaine)

  Mrv1652307172023112D          

  8  7  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    1.4289    0.4125    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145    0.0000    0.0000 N   0  3  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4289   -0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1270    0.7145    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3020   -0.7145    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145   -0.8250    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  2  4  1  0  0  0  0
  2  5  1  0  0  0  0
  2  6  1  0  0  0  0
  3  7  1  0  0  0  0
  1  7  1  0  0  0  0
  7  8  2  0  0  0  0
M  CHG  1   2   1
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0000043

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C5H11NO2/c1-6(2,3)4-5(7)8/h4H2,1-3H3/p+1

> <INCHI_KEY>
KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O

> <FORMULA>
C5H12NO2

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
118.1543

> <EXACT_MASS>
118.086803633

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
2

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
20

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
12.522298635930067

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
1

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
(carboxymethyl)trimethylazanium

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-2.12

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-4.494183842471745

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-1.94

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
0

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
2.2595637800263866

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
37.3

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
41.9863

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
2

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
1.75e+00 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
trimethyl glycine

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
1

$$$$
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3D-SDF for HMDB0000043 (Betaine)

HMDB0000043
     RDKit          3D
Betaine
 20 19  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -0.2244   -1.4792   -0.2780 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.5044   -0.0854   -0.0967 N   0  0  0  0  0  4  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6546    0.2771   -0.9164 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8093    0.2771    1.2608 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6740    0.6588   -0.5388 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8508    0.2029    0.2180 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8189   -0.6824    1.0948 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.0763    0.7946   -0.0598 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6830   -1.6593   -0.9030 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1175   -1.9448    0.7426 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0689   -1.9751   -0.8373 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.5369   -0.2407   -0.4461 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7976    1.3738   -0.9660 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5756   -0.1447   -1.9394 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5625    1.1142    1.2542 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0409    0.6391    1.8418 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3018   -0.5480    1.8262 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8663    0.4025   -1.6188 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.5129    1.7512   -0.5042 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.6302    1.2684    0.6373 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  2  4  1  0
  2  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  2  0
  6  8  1  0
  1  9  1  0
  1 10  1  0
  1 11  1  0
  3 12  1  0
  3 13  1  0
  3 14  1  0
  4 15  1  0
  4 16  1  0
  4 17  1  0
  5 18  1  0
  5 19  1  0
  8 20  1  0
M  CHG  1   2   1
M  END
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PDB for HMDB0000043 (Betaine)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 17-JUL-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   17-JUL-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  O   UNK     0       2.667   0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    2  N   UNK     0      -1.334   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+1
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0       0.000   0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0      -2.667  -0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0      -2.104   1.334   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0      -0.564  -1.334   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0       1.334   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  O   UNK     0       1.334  -1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    7                                                            
CONECT    2    3    4    5    6                                             
CONECT    3    2    7                                                       
CONECT    4    2                                                            
CONECT    5    2                                                            
CONECT    6    2                                                            
CONECT    7    3    1    8                                                  
CONECT    8    7                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    8    0   14    0
END
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3D PDB for HMDB0000043 (Betaine)

COMPND    HMDB0000043
HETATM    1  C1  UNL     1      -0.224  -1.479  -0.278  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    2  N1  UNL     1      -0.504  -0.085  -0.097  1.00  0.00           N1+
HETATM    3  C2  UNL     1      -1.655   0.277  -0.916  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    4  C3  UNL     1      -0.809   0.277   1.261  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C4  UNL     1       0.674   0.659  -0.539  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  C5  UNL     1       1.851   0.203   0.218  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    7  O1  UNL     1       1.819  -0.682   1.095  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    8  O2  UNL     1       3.076   0.795  -0.060  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    9  H1  UNL     1       0.683  -1.659  -0.903  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   10  H2  UNL     1      -0.118  -1.945   0.743  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   11  H3  UNL     1      -1.069  -1.975  -0.837  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   12  H4  UNL     1      -2.537  -0.241  -0.446  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   13  H5  UNL     1      -1.798   1.374  -0.966  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   14  H6  UNL     1      -1.576  -0.145  -1.939  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   15  H7  UNL     1      -1.563   1.114   1.254  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   16  H8  UNL     1       0.041   0.639   1.842  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   17  H9  UNL     1      -1.302  -0.548   1.826  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   18  H10 UNL     1       0.866   0.402  -1.619  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   19  H11 UNL     1       0.513   1.751  -0.504  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   20  H12 UNL     1       3.630   1.268   0.637  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2    9   10   11
CONECT    2    3    4    5
CONECT    3   12   13   14
CONECT    4   15   16   17
CONECT    5    6   18   19
CONECT    6    7    7    8
CONECT    8   20
END
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SMILES for HMDB0000043 (Betaine)

C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O
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INCHI for HMDB0000043 (Betaine)

InChI=1S/C5H11NO2/c1-6(2,3)4-5(7)8/h4H2,1-3H3/p+1
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View in JSmolView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC5H12NO2
Average Molecular Weight118.1543
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight118.086803633
IUPAC Name(carboxymethyl)trimethylazanium
Traditional Nametrimethyl glycine
CAS Registry Number6915-17-9
SMILES
C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C5H11NO2/c1-6(2,3)4-5(7)8/h4H2,1-3H3/p+1
InChI KeyKWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentAlpha amino acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • Quaternary ammonium salt
  • Tetraalkylammonium salt
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic salt
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Amine
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic cation
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect
Health effectOrganoleptic effect
Disposition
Biological locationRoute of exposureSource
Process
Naturally occurring process
Role
Industrial applicationBiological role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point293 - 301 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility611 mg/mL at 19 °CNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+Baker121.630932474
[M+H]+MetCCS_train_pos121.35530932474
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Mitochondria
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Breast Milk
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Adipose Tissue
  • Adrenal Cortex
  • Adrenal Gland
  • Bladder
  • Epidermis
  • Fibroblasts
  • Intestine
  • Kidney
  • Liver
  • Ovary
  • Pancreas
  • Placenta
  • Platelet
  • Prostate
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Spleen
  • Testis
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Chronic renal failure
  1. McGregor DO, Dellow WJ, Lever M, George PM, Robson RA, Chambers ST: Dimethylglycine accumulates in uremia and predicts elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations. Kidney Int. 2001 Jun;59(6):2267-72. [PubMed:11380830 ]
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
  1. McGregor DO, Dellow WJ, Lever M, George PM, Robson RA, Chambers ST: Dimethylglycine accumulates in uremia and predicts elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations. Kidney Int. 2001 Jun;59(6):2267-72. [PubMed:11380830 ]
Hemodialysis
  1. McGregor DO, Dellow WJ, Lever M, George PM, Robson RA, Chambers ST: Dimethylglycine accumulates in uremia and predicts elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations. Kidney Int. 2001 Jun;59(6):2267-72. [PubMed:11380830 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Ni Y, Xie G, Jia W: Metabonomics of human colorectal cancer: new approaches for early diagnosis and biomarker discovery. J Proteome Res. 2014 Sep 5;13(9):3857-70. doi: 10.1021/pr500443c. Epub 2014 Aug 14. [PubMed:25105552 ]
  2. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Schizophrenia
  1. Koike S, Bundo M, Iwamoto K, Suga M, Kuwabara H, Ohashi Y, Shinoda K, Takano Y, Iwashiro N, Satomura Y, Nagai T, Natsubori T, Tada M, Yamasue H, Kasai K: A snapshot of plasma metabolites in first-episode schizophrenia: a capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry study. Transl Psychiatry. 2014 Apr 8;4:e379. doi: 10.1038/tp.2014.19. [PubMed:24713860 ]
Early preeclampsia
  1. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomics and first-trimester prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;25(10):1840-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.680254. Epub 2012 Apr 28. [PubMed:22494326 ]
Pregnancy
  1. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomics and first-trimester prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;25(10):1840-7. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.680254. Epub 2012 Apr 28. [PubMed:22494326 ]
  2. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: First-trimester metabolomic detection of late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;208(1):58.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.003. Epub 2012 Nov 13. [PubMed:23159745 ]
  3. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomic analysis for first-trimester Down syndrome prediction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 May;208(5):371.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.12.035. Epub 2013 Jan 8. [PubMed:23313728 ]
  4. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Chelliah A, Mandal R, Dong E, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: Metabolomic analysis for first-trimester trisomy 18 detection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jul;209(1):65.e1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.03.028. Epub 2013 Mar 25. [PubMed:23535240 ]
  5. Bahado-Singh RO, Ertl R, Mandal R, Bjorndahl TC, Syngelaki A, Han B, Dong E, Liu PB, Alpay-Savasan Z, Wishart DS, Nicolaides KH: Metabolomic prediction of fetal congenital heart defect in the first trimester. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Sep;211(3):240.e1-240.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.056. Epub 2014 Apr 1. [PubMed:24704061 ]
Late-onset preeclampsia
  1. Bahado-Singh RO, Akolekar R, Mandal R, Dong E, Xia J, Kruger M, Wishart DS, Nicolaides K: First-trimester metabolomic detection of late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan;208(1):58.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.003. Epub 2012 Nov 13. [PubMed:23159745 ]
Hypermethioninemia
  1. Baric I, Fumic K, Glenn B, Cuk M, Schulze A, Finkelstein JD, James SJ, Mejaski-Bosnjak V, Pazanin L, Pogribny IP, Rados M, Sarnavka V, Scukanec-Spoljar M, Allen RH, Stabler S, Uzelac L, Vugrek O, Wagner C, Zeisel S, Mudd SH: S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency in a human: a genetic disorder of methionine metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 23;101(12):4234-9. Epub 2004 Mar 15. [PubMed:15024124 ]
Crohn's disease
  1. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Ulcerative colitis
  1. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment
  1. Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
Pancreatic cancer
  1. Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
  2. Xie G, Lu L, Qiu Y, Ni Q, Zhang W, Gao YT, Risch HA, Yu H, Jia W: Plasma metabolite biomarkers for the detection of pancreatic cancer. J Proteome Res. 2015 Feb 6;14(2):1195-202. doi: 10.1021/pr501135f. Epub 2014 Dec 8. [PubMed:25429707 ]
Periodontal disease
  1. Sugimoto M, Wong DT, Hirayama A, Soga T, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry-based saliva metabolomics identified oral, breast and pancreatic cancer-specific profiles. Metabolomics. 2010 Mar;6(1):78-95. Epub 2009 Sep 10. [PubMed:20300169 ]
Alzheimer's disease
  1. Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
Frontotemporal dementia
  1. Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
Lewy body disease
  1. Tsuruoka M, Hara J, Hirayama A, Sugimoto M, Soga T, Shankle WR, Tomita M: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry-based metabolome analysis of serum and saliva from neurodegenerative dementia patients. Electrophoresis. 2013 Oct;34(19):2865-72. doi: 10.1002/elps.201300019. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [PubMed:23857558 ]
Lung Cancer
  1. Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, Eisner R, Young N, Gautam B, Hau DD, Psychogios N, Dong E, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Sinelnikov I, Xia J, Jia L, Cruz JA, Lim E, Sobsey CA, Shrivastava S, Huang P, Liu P, Fang L, Peng J, Fradette R, Cheng D, Tzur D, Clements M, Lewis A, De Souza A, Zuniga A, Dawe M, Xiong Y, Clive D, Greiner R, Nazyrova A, Shaykhutdinov R, Li L, Vogel HJ, Forsythe I: HMDB: a knowledgebase for the human metabolome. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Jan;37(Database issue):D603-10. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn810. Epub 2008 Oct 25. [PubMed:18953024 ]
Argininosuccinic aciduria
  1. Gronwald W, Klein MS, Kaspar H, Fagerer SR, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Bertsch T, Oefner PJ: Urinary metabolite quantification employing 2D NMR spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 1;80(23):9288-97. doi: 10.1021/ac801627c. [PubMed:19551947 ]
Propionic acidemia
  1. Gronwald W, Klein MS, Kaspar H, Fagerer SR, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Bertsch T, Oefner PJ: Urinary metabolite quantification employing 2D NMR spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 1;80(23):9288-97. doi: 10.1021/ac801627c. [PubMed:19551947 ]
Phenylketonuria
  1. Gronwald W, Klein MS, Kaspar H, Fagerer SR, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Bertsch T, Oefner PJ: Urinary metabolite quantification employing 2D NMR spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 1;80(23):9288-97. doi: 10.1021/ac801627c. [PubMed:19551947 ]
Maple syrup urine disease
  1. Gronwald W, Klein MS, Kaspar H, Fagerer SR, Nurnberger N, Dettmer K, Bertsch T, Oefner PJ: Urinary metabolite quantification employing 2D NMR spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 1;80(23):9288-97. doi: 10.1021/ac801627c. [PubMed:19551947 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase Deficiency
  1. Moolenaar SH, Poggi-Bach J, Engelke UF, Corstiaensen JM, Heerschap A, de Jong JG, Binzak BA, Vockley J, Wevers RA: Defect in dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, a new inborn error of metabolism: NMR spectroscopy study. Clin Chem. 1999 Apr;45(4):459-64. [PubMed:10102904 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB04455
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID243
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound248
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID41139
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDMDB00000022
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceMu, Yun; Guo, Xiao-hui. Improved process for preparation of betaine. Huaxue Yu Shengwu Gongcheng (2005), 22(7), 48-49.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Enzymes

Enzyme Details
1. Choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
CHDH
Uniprot ID:
Q8NE62
Molecular weight:
65358.005
Enzyme Details
2. Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Multifunctional enzyme mediating important protective effects. Metabolizes betaine aldehyde to betaine, an important cellular osmolyte and methyl donor. Protects cells from oxidative stress by metabolizing a number of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes. Involved in lysine catabolism.
Gene Name:
ALDH7A1
Uniprot ID:
P49419
Molecular weight:
58486.74
Reactions
Betaine aldehyde + NAD + Water → Betaine + NADHdetails
Betaine aldehyde + NAD + Water → Betaine + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails
Betaine aldehyde + NADP + Water → Betaine + NADPH + Hydrogen Iondetails
Enzyme Details
3. Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1
General function:
Involved in zinc ion binding
Specific function:
Involved in the regulation of homocysteine metabolism. Converts betaine and homocysteine to dimethylglycine and methionine, respectively. This reaction is also required for the irreversible oxidation of choline.
Gene Name:
BHMT
Uniprot ID:
Q93088
Molecular weight:
44998.205
Reactions
Betaine + Homocysteine → Dimethylglycine + Methioninedetails
Enzyme Details
4. Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter
General function:
Involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid:sodium symporter ac
Specific function:
Transports betaine and GABA. May have a role in regulation of GABAergic transmission in the brain through the reuptake of GABA into presynaptic terminals, as well as in osmotic regulation.
Gene Name:
SLC6A12
Uniprot ID:
P48065
Molecular weight:
69367.655
References
  1. Basham JC, Chabrerie A, Kempson SA: Hypertonic activation of the renal betaine/GABA transporter is microtubule dependent. Kidney Int. 2001 Jun;59(6):2182-91. [PubMed:11380820 ]
Enzyme Details
5. S-methylmethionine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase BHMT2
General function:
Involved in zinc ion binding
Specific function:
Involved in the regulation of homocysteine metabolism. Converts homocysteine to methionine using S-methylmethionine (SMM) as a methyl donor.
Gene Name:
BHMT2
Uniprot ID:
Q9H2M3
Molecular weight:
33166.69
Reactions
Betaine + Homocysteine → Dimethylglycine + Methioninedetails