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Showing metabocard for Taurocholic acid (HMDB0000036)

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IdentificationTaxonomyOntologyPhysical propertiesSpectraBiological propertiesConcentrationsLinksReferencesenzymes (4)transporters (20) Show 24 proteinsXML
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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:48:59 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000036
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00036
Metabolite Identification
Common NameTaurocholic acid
DescriptionTaurocholic acid is a bile acid and is the product of the conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals. The distinction between different bile acids is minute, depending only on the presence or absence of hydroxyl groups on positions 3, 7, and 12. Bile acids are physiological detergents that facilitate excretion, absorption, and transport of fats and sterols in the intestine and liver. Bile acids are also steroidal amphipathic molecules derived from the catabolism of cholesterol. They modulate bile flow and lipid secretion, are essential for the absorption of dietary fats and vitamins, and have been implicated in the regulation of all the key enzymes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acids recirculate through the liver, bile ducts, small intestine, and portal vein to form an enterohepatic circuit. They exist as anions at physiological pH, and consequently require a carrier for transport across the membranes of the enterohepatic tissues. The unique detergent properties of bile acids are essential for the digestion and intestinal absorption of hydrophobic nutrients. Bile acids have potent toxic properties (e.g. membrane disruption) and there are a plethora of mechanisms to limit their accumulation in blood and tissues (PMID: 11316487 , 16037564 , 12576301 , 11907135 ). Taurocholic acid, as with all bile acids, acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic (a bile purging agent). Hydrolysis of taurocholic acid yields taurine, a nonessential amino acid. Taurocholic acid is one of the main components of urinary nonsulfated bile acids in biliary atresia. Raised levels of taurocholate in fetal serum in obstetric cholestasis may result in the development of a fetal dysrhythmia and sudden intra-uterine death (PMID: 3944741 , 11256973 ).
Structure
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MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for HMDB0000036 (Taurocholic acid)

      
  Mrv1652303182019222D          

 40 43  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
10001.358110003.4591    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
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 21  1  1  1  0  0  0
 22  7  1  6  0  0  0
 16 40  1  6  0  0  0
M  END
Download

3D MOL for HMDB0000036 (Taurocholic acid)

HMDB0000036
     RDKit          3D
Taurocholic acid
 80 83  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    2.1937   -1.0101   -2.7822 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
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    4.0889    1.4137   -2.4185 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
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    5.8819    0.3303   -1.0198 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
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 35 80  1  0
M  END
Download

3D SDF for HMDB0000036 (Taurocholic acid)

      
  Mrv1652303182019222D          

 40 43  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
10001.358110003.4591    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.077910000.1412    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.2199 9999.7275    0.0000 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.219910002.2094    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.932610000.9746    0.0000 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10000.645410003.8737    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10001.358110000.9746    0.0000 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10000.645410002.2094    0.0000 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.505910001.7935    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.791510001.3809    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9997.791510000.5559    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9998.505910000.1437    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.218310001.3811    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.218310000.5561    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.932710000.1437    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10000.647210000.5561    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10000.645810003.0402    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
 9999.931310002.6277    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
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10001.360210002.6277    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10001.360110001.8027    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10002.144710001.5479    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10002.629410002.2152    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10002.144710003.7076    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10002.858610004.1200    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10003.574210003.7076    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10004.287810004.1200    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10005.003410003.7076    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10005.716910004.1200    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10006.432410003.7076    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10007.148010004.1200    0.0000 S   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10007.560510004.8358    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10006.735610004.8358    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10007.863510003.7076    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10004.287810004.9448    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10001.430110004.1200    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10002.144710002.8825    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10002.859010003.2954    0.0000 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
10001.362110000.1440    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  9 10  1  0  0  0  0
 10 11  1  0  0  0  0
 11 12  1  0  0  0  0
 13 14  1  0  0  0  0
 14 15  1  0  0  0  0
 15 16  1  0  0  0  0
 17 18  1  0  0  0  0
 18 19  1  0  0  0  0
 19 20  1  0  0  0  0
 11  2  1  6  0  0  0
  9 13  1  0  0  0  0
 12 14  1  0  0  0  0
 14  3  1  1  0  0  0
 13  4  1  1  0  0  0
 17  6  1  6  0  0  0
 19 13  1  0  0  0  0
 16 20  1  0  0  0  0
 19  5  1  6  0  0  0
 20  8  1  1  0  0  0
 21 22  1  0  0  0  0
 22 23  1  0  0  0  0
 23 24  1  0  0  0  0
 25 26  1  0  0  0  0
 25 37  1  6  0  0  0
 26 27  1  0  0  0  0
 27 28  1  0  0  0  0
 28 29  1  0  0  0  0
 28 36  2  0  0  0  0
 29 30  1  0  0  0  0
 30 31  1  0  0  0  0
 31 32  1  0  0  0  0
 32 33  2  0  0  0  0
 32 34  2  0  0  0  0
 32 35  1  0  0  0  0
 38 39  1  6  0  0  0
 38 25  1  0  0  0  0
 38 21  1  0  0  0  0
 38 24  1  0  0  0  0
 17 21  1  0  0  0  0
 20 22  1  0  0  0  0
 21  1  1  1  0  0  0
 22  7  1  6  0  0  0
 16 40  1  6  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
HMDB0000036

> <DATABASE_NAME>
hmdb

> <SMILES>
[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@H](O)[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C26H45NO7S/c1-15(4-7-23(31)27-10-11-35(32,33)34)18-5-6-19-24-20(14-22(30)26(18,19)3)25(2)9-8-17(28)12-16(25)13-21(24)29/h15-22,24,28-30H,4-14H2,1-3H3,(H,27,31)(H,32,33,34)/t15-,16+,17-,18-,19+,20+,21-,22+,24+,25+,26-/m1/s1

> <INCHI_KEY>
WBWWGRHZICKQGZ-HZAMXZRMSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C26H45NO7S

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
515.703

> <EXACT_MASS>
515.291673489

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
7

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
80

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
57.35935612622693

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
5

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
2-[(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7S,9R,10R,11S,14R,15R,16S)-5,9,16-trihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanamido]ethane-1-sulfonic acid

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
0.79

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-0.2443067183096018

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-3.83

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
1

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
4

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
-1

> <JCHEM_PKA>
15.402104140110847

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
-0.8802770884096507

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-0.053328131348413965

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
144.16

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
132.19449999999998

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
7

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
0

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
7.71e-02 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
2-[(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7S,9R,10R,11S,14R,15R,16S)-5,9,16-trihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanamido]ethanesulfonic acid

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$
Download

3D-SDF for HMDB0000036 (Taurocholic acid)

HMDB0000036
     RDKit          3D
Taurocholic acid
 80 83  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    2.1937   -1.0101   -2.7822 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7764    0.4177   -2.9166 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.9289    1.2855   -3.2884 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.0889    1.4137   -2.4185 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.9973    0.2986   -2.1815 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.1232   -0.7304   -2.8778 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.8819    0.3303   -1.0198 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.7948   -0.7428   -0.7479 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.5941   -0.5273    0.5055 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.5107   -0.4742    1.8985 S   0  0  0  0  0  6  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.3108   -0.2567    3.1631 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.4980    0.6100    1.7577 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.7077   -1.9540    1.9553 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.0610    0.9109   -1.6940 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6575    2.3608   -1.8151 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8230    2.3505   -1.5393 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.8759    1.2677   -0.5047 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.1763    0.8741   -0.0131 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0125   -0.2829    0.9394 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1129   -1.3565    0.4609 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.1593   -0.8552   -0.1696 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.9047   -0.2240    0.8229 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1601    0.1566   -1.2539 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.9546   -0.4974   -2.3130 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.3427   -0.8398    1.3840 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.5943   -2.2185    0.8136 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.3670   -0.9500    2.8732 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.6694   -1.3464    3.4782 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.8286   -0.5181    2.9724 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.9823    0.6877    3.6543 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.8043   -0.3360    1.4919 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.4597    0.0418    0.9210 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.2149    1.4932    1.1869 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.8586    1.9889    0.8133 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0884    2.3776    1.8789 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2532   -1.6592   -2.8342 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.7515   -1.3768   -3.6867 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.7581   -1.2457   -1.8939 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.0618    0.5469   -3.8020 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.3245    0.7955   -4.2573 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.5859    2.2805   -3.7217 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.7592    2.2666   -2.7935 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.8013    1.8101   -1.3973 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.8657    1.1451   -0.3830 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.2172   -1.6927   -0.7066 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.5038   -0.8500   -1.6140 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    8.3265   -1.3744    0.6258 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    8.1968    0.4183    0.4094 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.9488   -2.4491    2.7700 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.8022    0.7802   -0.8422 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.1327    2.9056   -0.9586 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.9077    2.8262   -2.7828 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1702    3.3311   -1.1484 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3440    2.0450   -2.4579 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1802    1.5996    0.3220 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9027    0.7049   -0.8238 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5099    0.1765    1.8412 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7772   -1.9331    1.3825 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5983   -2.1316   -0.1739 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6787   -1.7216   -0.5535 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4858   -0.2072    1.7028 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.9632   -1.6163   -2.1556 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0641   -0.2705   -2.2098 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.6330   -0.3375   -3.3528 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.6290   -2.2122   -0.2981 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.6479   -2.4815    1.1286 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9370   -2.9794    1.2343 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6263   -1.7528    3.1594 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9945   -0.0339    3.4042 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.6004   -1.1387    4.5742 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.8840   -2.4326    3.3917 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.7594   -1.1102    3.2148 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.8602    1.0469    3.3859 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.5067    0.5111    1.2574 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.2459   -1.2137    0.9690 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.5802   -0.1425   -0.1909 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.3168    1.6280    2.2944 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.0505    2.0530    0.7139 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9737    2.8391    0.1142 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4699    3.1028    1.7073 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  2  0
  5  7  1  0
  7  8  1  0
  8  9  1  0
  9 10  1  0
 10 11  2  0
 10 12  2  0
 10 13  1  0
  2 14  1  0
 14 15  1  0
 15 16  1  0
 16 17  1  0
 17 18  1  0
 18 19  1  0
 19 20  1  0
 20 21  1  0
 21 22  1  0
 21 23  1  0
 23 24  1  6
 19 25  1  0
 25 26  1  6
 25 27  1  0
 27 28  1  0
 28 29  1  0
 29 30  1  0
 29 31  1  0
 31 32  1  0
 32 33  1  0
 33 34  1  0
 34 35  1  0
 23 14  1  0
 32 25  1  0
 23 17  1  0
 34 18  1  0
  1 36  1  0
  1 37  1  0
  1 38  1  0
  2 39  1  6
  3 40  1  0
  3 41  1  0
  4 42  1  0
  4 43  1  0
  7 44  1  0
  8 45  1  0
  8 46  1  0
  9 47  1  0
  9 48  1  0
 13 49  1  0
 14 50  1  1
 15 51  1  0
 15 52  1  0
 16 53  1  0
 16 54  1  0
 17 55  1  1
 18 56  1  6
 19 57  1  1
 20 58  1  0
 20 59  1  0
 21 60  1  6
 22 61  1  0
 24 62  1  0
 24 63  1  0
 24 64  1  0
 26 65  1  0
 26 66  1  0
 26 67  1  0
 27 68  1  0
 27 69  1  0
 28 70  1  0
 28 71  1  0
 29 72  1  6
 30 73  1  0
 31 74  1  0
 31 75  1  0
 32 76  1  6
 33 77  1  0
 33 78  1  0
 34 79  1  6
 35 80  1  0
M  END
Download

PDB for HMDB0000036 (Taurocholic acid)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 18-MAR-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    MOLECULE:                                                   
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   18-MAR-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0    8669.2028673.124   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  O   UNK     0    8661.2128666.930   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    3  H   UNK     0    8665.2108666.158   0.000  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0    8665.2108670.791   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  H   UNK     0    8666.5418668.486   0.000  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM    6  O   UNK     0    8667.8718673.898   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    7  H   UNK     0    8669.2028668.486   0.000  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM    8  H   UNK     0    8667.8718670.791   0.000  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM    9  C   UNK     0    8663.8788670.015   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   10  C   UNK     0    8662.5448669.244   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   11  C   UNK     0    8662.5448667.704   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   12  C   UNK     0    8663.8788666.935   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   13  C   UNK     0    8665.2078669.245   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   14  C   UNK     0    8665.2078667.705   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   15  C   UNK     0    8666.5418666.935   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   16  C   UNK     0    8667.8758667.705   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   17  C   UNK     0    8667.8728672.342   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   18  C   UNK     0    8666.5388671.572   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   19  C   UNK     0    8666.5388670.032   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   20  C   UNK     0    8667.8728669.262   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   21  C   UNK     0    8669.2068671.572   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   22  C   UNK     0    8669.2068670.032   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   23  C   UNK     0    8670.6708669.556   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   24  C   UNK     0    8671.5758670.802   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   25  C   UNK     0    8670.6708673.588   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   26  C   UNK     0    8672.0038674.357   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   27  C   UNK     0    8673.3398673.588   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   28  C   UNK     0    8674.6718674.357   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   29  N   UNK     0    8676.0068673.588   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM   30  C   UNK     0    8677.3388674.357   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   31  C   UNK     0    8678.6748673.588   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   32  S   UNK     0    8680.0108674.357   0.000  0.00  0.00           S+0
HETATM   33  O   UNK     0    8680.7808675.693   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   34  O   UNK     0    8679.2408675.693   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   35  O   UNK     0    8681.3458673.588   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   36  O   UNK     0    8674.6718675.897   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   37  C   UNK     0    8669.3368674.357   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   38  C   UNK     0    8670.6708672.047   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   39  H   UNK     0    8672.0038672.818   0.000  0.00  0.00           H+0
HETATM   40  O   UNK     0    8669.2098666.935   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1   21                                                            
CONECT    2   11                                                            
CONECT    3   14                                                            
CONECT    4   13                                                            
CONECT    5   19                                                            
CONECT    6   17                                                            
CONECT    7   22                                                            
CONECT    8   20                                                            
CONECT    9   10   13                                                       
CONECT   10    9   11                                                       
CONECT   11   10   12    2                                                  
CONECT   12   11   14                                                       
CONECT   13   14    9    4   19                                             
CONECT   14   13   15   12    3                                             
CONECT   15   14   16                                                       
CONECT   16   15   20   40                                                  
CONECT   17   18    6   21                                                  
CONECT   18   17   19                                                       
CONECT   19   18   20   13    5                                             
CONECT   20   19   16    8   22                                             
CONECT   21   22   38   17    1                                             
CONECT   22   21   23   20    7                                             
CONECT   23   22   24                                                       
CONECT   24   23   38                                                       
CONECT   25   26   37   38                                                  
CONECT   26   25   27                                                       
CONECT   27   26   28                                                       
CONECT   28   27   29   36                                                  
CONECT   29   28   30                                                       
CONECT   30   29   31                                                       
CONECT   31   30   32                                                       
CONECT   32   31   33   34   35                                             
CONECT   33   32                                                            
CONECT   34   32                                                            
CONECT   35   32                                                            
CONECT   36   28                                                            
CONECT   37   25                                                            
CONECT   38   39   25   21   24                                             
CONECT   39   38                                                            
CONECT   40   16                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   40    0   86    0
END
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3D PDB for HMDB0000036 (Taurocholic acid)

COMPND    HMDB0000036
HETATM    1  C1  UNL     1       2.194  -1.010  -2.782  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    2  C2  UNL     1       1.776   0.418  -2.917  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  C3  UNL     1       2.929   1.286  -3.288  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    4  C4  UNL     1       4.089   1.414  -2.419  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C5  UNL     1       4.997   0.299  -2.181  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  O1  UNL     1       5.123  -0.730  -2.878  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    7  N1  UNL     1       5.882   0.330  -1.020  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM    8  C6  UNL     1       6.795  -0.743  -0.748  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    9  C7  UNL     1       7.594  -0.527   0.506  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   10  S1  UNL     1       6.511  -0.474   1.898  1.00  0.00           S  
HETATM   11  O2  UNL     1       7.311  -0.257   3.163  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   12  O3  UNL     1       5.498   0.610   1.758  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   13  O4  UNL     1       5.708  -1.954   1.955  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   14  C8  UNL     1       1.061   0.911  -1.694  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   15  C9  UNL     1       0.657   2.361  -1.815  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   16  C10 UNL     1      -0.823   2.351  -1.539  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   17  C11 UNL     1      -0.876   1.268  -0.505  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   18  C12 UNL     1      -2.176   0.874  -0.013  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   19  C13 UNL     1      -2.012  -0.283   0.939  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   20  C14 UNL     1      -1.113  -1.356   0.461  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   21  C15 UNL     1       0.159  -0.855  -0.170  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   22  O5  UNL     1       0.905  -0.224   0.823  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   23  C16 UNL     1      -0.160   0.157  -1.254  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   24  C17 UNL     1      -0.955  -0.497  -2.313  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   25  C18 UNL     1      -3.343  -0.840   1.384  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   26  C19 UNL     1      -3.594  -2.219   0.814  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   27  C20 UNL     1      -3.367  -0.950   2.873  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   28  C21 UNL     1      -4.669  -1.346   3.478  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   29  C22 UNL     1      -5.829  -0.518   2.972  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   30  O6  UNL     1      -5.982   0.688   3.654  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   31  C23 UNL     1      -5.804  -0.336   1.492  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   32  C24 UNL     1      -4.460   0.042   0.921  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   33  C25 UNL     1      -4.215   1.493   1.187  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   34  C26 UNL     1      -2.859   1.989   0.813  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   35  O7  UNL     1      -2.088   2.378   1.879  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   36  H1  UNL     1       1.253  -1.659  -2.834  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   37  H2  UNL     1       2.751  -1.377  -3.687  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   38  H3  UNL     1       2.758  -1.246  -1.894  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   39  H4  UNL     1       1.062   0.547  -3.802  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   40  H5  UNL     1       3.324   0.795  -4.257  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   41  H6  UNL     1       2.586   2.281  -3.722  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   42  H7  UNL     1       4.759   2.267  -2.793  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   43  H8  UNL     1       3.801   1.810  -1.397  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   44  H9  UNL     1       5.866   1.145  -0.383  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   45  H10 UNL     1       6.217  -1.693  -0.707  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   46  H11 UNL     1       7.504  -0.850  -1.614  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   47  H12 UNL     1       8.326  -1.374   0.626  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   48  H13 UNL     1       8.197   0.418   0.409  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   49  H14 UNL     1       5.949  -2.449   2.770  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   50  H15 UNL     1       1.802   0.780  -0.842  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   51  H16 UNL     1       1.133   2.906  -0.959  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   52  H17 UNL     1       0.908   2.826  -2.783  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   53  H18 UNL     1      -1.170   3.331  -1.148  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   54  H19 UNL     1      -1.344   2.045  -2.458  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   55  H20 UNL     1      -0.180   1.600   0.322  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   56  H21 UNL     1      -2.903   0.705  -0.824  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   57  H22 UNL     1      -1.510   0.177   1.841  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   58  H23 UNL     1      -0.777  -1.933   1.382  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   59  H24 UNL     1      -1.598  -2.132  -0.174  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   60  H25 UNL     1       0.679  -1.722  -0.554  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   61  H26 UNL     1       0.486  -0.207   1.703  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   62  H27 UNL     1      -0.963  -1.616  -2.156  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   63  H28 UNL     1      -2.064  -0.271  -2.210  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   64  H29 UNL     1      -0.633  -0.337  -3.353  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   65  H30 UNL     1      -3.629  -2.212  -0.298  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   66  H31 UNL     1      -4.648  -2.481   1.129  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   67  H32 UNL     1      -2.937  -2.979   1.234  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   68  H33 UNL     1      -2.626  -1.753   3.159  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   69  H34 UNL     1      -2.994  -0.034   3.404  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   70  H35 UNL     1      -4.600  -1.139   4.574  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   71  H36 UNL     1      -4.884  -2.433   3.392  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   72  H37 UNL     1      -6.759  -1.110   3.215  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   73  H38 UNL     1      -6.860   1.047   3.386  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   74  H39 UNL     1      -6.507   0.511   1.257  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   75  H40 UNL     1      -6.246  -1.214   0.969  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   76  H41 UNL     1      -4.580  -0.142  -0.191  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   77  H42 UNL     1      -4.317   1.628   2.294  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   78  H43 UNL     1      -5.051   2.053   0.714  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   79  H44 UNL     1      -2.974   2.839   0.114  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   80  H45 UNL     1      -1.470   3.103   1.707  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2   36   37   38
CONECT    2    3   14   39
CONECT    3    4   40   41
CONECT    4    5   42   43
CONECT    5    6    6    7
CONECT    7    8   44
CONECT    8    9   45   46
CONECT    9   10   47   48
CONECT   10   11   11   12   12
CONECT   10   13
CONECT   13   49
CONECT   14   15   23   50
CONECT   15   16   51   52
CONECT   16   17   53   54
CONECT   17   18   23   55
CONECT   18   19   34   56
CONECT   19   20   25   57
CONECT   20   21   58   59
CONECT   21   22   23   60
CONECT   22   61
CONECT   23   24
CONECT   24   62   63   64
CONECT   25   26   27   32
CONECT   26   65   66   67
CONECT   27   28   68   69
CONECT   28   29   70   71
CONECT   29   30   31   72
CONECT   30   73
CONECT   31   32   74   75
CONECT   32   33   76
CONECT   33   34   77   78
CONECT   34   35   79
CONECT   35   80
END
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SMILES for HMDB0000036 (Taurocholic acid)

[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@H](O)[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O
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INCHI for HMDB0000036 (Taurocholic acid)

InChI=1S/C26H45NO7S/c1-15(4-7-23(31)27-10-11-35(32,33)34)18-5-6-19-24-20(14-22(30)26(18,19)3)25(2)9-8-17(28)12-16(25)13-21(24)29/h15-22,24,28-30H,4-14H2,1-3H3,(H,27,31)(H,32,33,34)/t15-,16+,17-,18-,19+,20+,21-,22+,24+,25+,26-/m1/s1
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View in JSmolView Stereo Labels
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC26H45NO7S
Average Molecular Weight515.703
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight515.291673489
IUPAC Name2-[(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7S,9R,10R,11S,14R,15R,16S)-5,9,16-trihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanamido]ethane-1-sulfonic acid
Traditional Name2-[(4R)-4-[(1S,2S,5R,7S,9R,10R,11S,14R,15R,16S)-5,9,16-trihydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]pentanamido]ethanesulfonic acid
CAS Registry Number81-24-3
SMILES
[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])[C@H](O)C[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@H](O)[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC(=O)NCCS(O)(=O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C26H45NO7S/c1-15(4-7-23(31)27-10-11-35(32,33)34)18-5-6-19-24-20(14-22(30)26(18,19)3)25(2)9-8-17(28)12-16(25)13-21(24)29/h15-22,24,28-30H,4-14H2,1-3H3,(H,27,31)(H,32,33,34)/t15-,16+,17-,18-,19+,20+,21-,22+,24+,25+,26-/m1/s1
InChI KeyWBWWGRHZICKQGZ-HZAMXZRMSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as trihydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives. These are prenol lipids structurally characterized by a bile acid or alcohol which bears three hydroxyl groups.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSteroids and steroid derivatives
Sub ClassBile acids, alcohols and derivatives
Direct ParentTrihydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Trihydroxy bile acid, alcohol, or derivatives
  • 3-hydroxysteroid
  • 12-hydroxysteroid
  • Hydroxysteroid
  • 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid
  • 7-hydroxysteroid
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Organic sulfonic acid or derivatives
  • Organosulfonic acid or derivatives
  • Organosulfonic acid
  • Sulfonyl
  • Alkanesulfonic acid
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carboximidic acid
  • Polyol
  • Carboximidic acid derivative
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Alcohol
  • Organosulfur compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Not AvailableNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point125 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
Predicted Chromatographic Properties
Spectra
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen Locations
  • Bile
  • Blood
  • Feces
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Fibroblasts
  • Intestine
  • Liver
  • Neuron
  • Placenta
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Abnormal Concentrations
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Hepatocellular carcinoma
  1. Ressom HW, Xiao JF, Tuli L, Varghese RS, Zhou B, Tsai TH, Ranjbar MR, Zhao Y, Wang J, Di Poto C, Cheema AK, Tadesse MG, Goldman R, Shetty K: Utilization of metabolomics to identify serum biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver cirrhosis. Anal Chim Acta. 2012 Sep 19;743:90-100. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.07.013. Epub 2012 Jul 20. [PubMed:22882828 ]
Cirrhosis
  1. Ressom HW, Xiao JF, Tuli L, Varghese RS, Zhou B, Tsai TH, Ranjbar MR, Zhao Y, Wang J, Di Poto C, Cheema AK, Tadesse MG, Goldman R, Shetty K: Utilization of metabolomics to identify serum biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver cirrhosis. Anal Chim Acta. 2012 Sep 19;743:90-100. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.07.013. Epub 2012 Jul 20. [PubMed:22882828 ]
Colorectal cancer
  1. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  2. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Crohn's disease
  1. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Ulcerative colitis
  1. Kolho KL, Pessia A, Jaakkola T, de Vos WM, Velagapudi V: Faecal and Serum Metabolomics in Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2017 Mar 1;11(3):321-334. doi: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw158. [PubMed:27609529 ]
Metastatic melanoma
  1. Frankel AE, Coughlin LA, Kim J, Froehlich TW, Xie Y, Frenkel EP, Koh AY: Metagenomic Shotgun Sequencing and Unbiased Metabolomic Profiling Identify Specific Human Gut Microbiota and Metabolites Associated with Immune Checkpoint Therapy Efficacy in Melanoma Patients. Neoplasia. 2017 Oct;19(10):848-855. doi: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.08.004. Epub 2017 Sep 15. [PubMed:28923537 ]
Biliary atresia
  1. Nittono H, Obinata K, Nakatsu N, Watanabe T, Niijima S, Sasaki H, Arisaka O, Kato H, Yabuta K, Miyano T: Sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids in urine of patients with biliary atresia: analysis of bile acids by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1986 Jan;5(1):23-9. [PubMed:3944741 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDDB04348
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB012335
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID6423
KEGG Compound IDC05122
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG ID45150
Wikipedia LinkTaurocholic_acid
METLIN ID5104
PubChem Compound6675
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID28865
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDTCHOLA
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceSchersten, Tore; Bjorntorp, Per; Ekdahi, Per H.; Bjorkerud, Soren. Synthesis of taurocholic and glycocholic acids by preparations of human liver. II. An analysis of the stimulating effect of the L fraction. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, General Subjects (1967), 141(1), 155-63.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 24 proteins in total.

Show all enzymes and transporters

Enzymes

Enzyme Details
1. Bile salt-activated lipase
General function:
Lipid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Catalyzes fat and vitamin absorption. Acts in concert with pancreatic lipase and colipase for the complete digestion of dietary triglycerides.
Gene Name:
CEL
Uniprot ID:
P19835
Molecular weight:
79666.385
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
  3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]
Enzyme Details
2. Cholesterol 7-alpha-monooxygenase
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes a rate-limiting step in cholesterol catabolism and bile acid biosynthesis by introducing a hydrophilic moiety at position 7 of cholesterol. Important for cholesterol homeostasis.
Gene Name:
CYP7A1
Uniprot ID:
P22680
Molecular weight:
57660.155
References
  1. Twisk J, Lehmann EM, Princen HM: Differential feedback regulation of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase mRNA and transcriptional activity by rat bile acids in primary monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes. Biochem J. 1993 Mar 15;290 ( Pt 3):685-91. [PubMed:8457195 ]
Enzyme Details
3. Bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase
General function:
Involved in thiolester hydrolase activity
Specific function:
Involved in bile acid metabolism. In liver hepatocytes catalyzes the second step in the conjugation of C24 bile acids (choloneates) to glycine and taurine before excretion into bile canaliculi. The major components of bile are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. In a first step the bile acids are converted to an acyl-CoA thioester, either in peroxisomes (primary bile acids deriving from the cholesterol pathway), or cytoplasmic at the endoplasmic reticulum (secondary bile acids). May catalyze the conjugation of primary or secondary bile acids, or both. The conjugation increases the detergent properties of bile acids in the intestine, which facilitates lipid and fat-soluble vitamin absorption. In turn, bile acids are deconjugated by bacteria in the intestine and are recycled back to the liver for reconjugation (secondary bile acids). May also act as an acyl-CoA thioesterase that regulates intracellular levels of free fatty acids. In vitro, catalyzes the hydrolysis of long- and very long-chain saturated acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), and conjugates glycine to these acyl-CoAs.
Gene Name:
BAAT
Uniprot ID:
Q14032
Molecular weight:
46298.865
Reactions
Choloyl-CoA + Taurine → Coenzyme A + Taurocholic aciddetails
Enzyme Details
4. Gastrotropin
General function:
Involved in binding
Specific function:
Ileal protein which stimulates gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion. Seems to be able to bind to bile salts and bilirubins. Isoform 2 is essential for the survival of colon cancer cells to bile acid-induced apoptosis
Gene Name:
FABP6
Uniprot ID:
P51161
Molecular weight:
14371.2
References
  1. Kurz M, Brachvogel V, Matter H, Stengelin S, Thuring H, Kramer W: Insights into the bile acid transportation system: the human ileal lipid-binding protein-cholyltaurine complex and its comparison with homologous structures. Proteins. 2003 Feb 1;50(2):312-28. [PubMed:12486725 ]
  2. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  3. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]

Transporters

Enzyme Details
1. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, taurocholate, triiodothyronine (T3), leukotriene C4, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), methotrexate and sulfobromophthalein (BSP)
Gene Name:
SLCO1B3
Uniprot ID:
Q9NPD5
Molecular weight:
77402.2
References
  1. Cui Y, Konig J, Leier I, Buchholz U, Keppler D: Hepatic uptake of bilirubin and its conjugates by the human organic anion transporter SLC21A6. J Biol Chem. 2001 Mar 30;276(13):9626-30. Epub 2000 Dec 27. [PubMed:11134001 ]
  2. Kullak-Ublick GA, Ismair MG, Stieger B, Landmann L, Huber R, Pizzagalli F, Fattinger K, Meier PJ, Hagenbuch B: Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology. 2001 Feb;120(2):525-33. [PubMed:11159893 ]
  3. Abe T, Unno M, Onogawa T, Tokui T, Kondo TN, Nakagomi R, Adachi H, Fujiwara K, Okabe M, Suzuki T, Nunoki K, Sato E, Kakyo M, Nishio T, Sugita J, Asano N, Tanemoto M, Seki M, Date F, Ono K, Kondo Y, Shiiba K, Suzuki M, Ohtani H, Shimosegawa T, Iinuma K, Nagura H, Ito S, Matsuno S: LST-2, a human liver-specific organic anion transporter, determines methotrexate sensitivity in gastrointestinal cancers. Gastroenterology. 2001 Jun;120(7):1689-99. [PubMed:11375950 ]
Enzyme Details
2. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates the Na(+)-independent high affinity transport of organic anions such as the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and rT3. Other potential substrates, such as triiodothyronine (T3), 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone-3-sulfate and sulfobromophthalein (BSP) are transported with much lower efficiency
Gene Name:
SLCO1C1
Uniprot ID:
Q9NYB5
Molecular weight:
78695.6
References
  1. Tohyama K, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama Y: Involvement of multispecific organic anion transporter, Oatp14 (Slc21a14), in the transport of thyroxine across the blood-brain barrier. Endocrinology. 2004 Sep;145(9):4384-91. Epub 2004 May 27. [PubMed:15166123 ]
  2. Pizzagalli F, Hagenbuch B, Stieger B, Klenk U, Folkers G, Meier PJ: Identification of a novel human organic anion transporting polypeptide as a high affinity thyroxine transporter. Mol Endocrinol. 2002 Oct;16(10):2283-96. [PubMed:12351693 ]
Enzyme Details
3. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as pravastatin, taurocholate, methotrexate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone sulfate, prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2, leukotriene C3, leukotriene E4, thyroxine and triiodothyronine. May play an important role in the clearance of bile acids and organic anions from the liver
Gene Name:
SLCO1B1
Uniprot ID:
Q9Y6L6
Molecular weight:
76448.0
References
  1. Michalski C, Cui Y, Nies AT, Nuessler AK, Neuhaus P, Zanger UM, Klein K, Eichelbaum M, Keppler D, Konig J: A naturally occurring mutation in the SLC21A6 gene causing impaired membrane localization of the hepatocyte uptake transporter. J Biol Chem. 2002 Nov 8;277(45):43058-63. Epub 2002 Aug 23. [PubMed:12196548 ]
  2. Hartmann G, Cheung AK, Piquette-Miller M: Inflammatory cytokines, but not bile acids, regulate expression of murine hepatic anion transporters in endotoxemia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Oct;303(1):273-81. [PubMed:12235261 ]
  3. Nozawa T, Tamai I, Sai Y, Nezu J, Tsuji A: Contribution of organic anion transporting polypeptide OATP-C to hepatic elimination of the opioid pentapeptide analogue [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2003 Jul;55(7):1013-20. [PubMed:12906759 ]
  4. Hsiang B, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Wu Y, Sasseville V, Yang WP, Kirchgessner TG: A novel human hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP2). Identification of a liver-specific human organic anion transporting polypeptide and identification of rat and human hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor transporters. J Biol Chem. 1999 Dec 24;274(52):37161-8. [PubMed:10601278 ]
  5. Cui Y, Konig J, Leier I, Buchholz U, Keppler D: Hepatic uptake of bilirubin and its conjugates by the human organic anion transporter SLC21A6. J Biol Chem. 2001 Mar 30;276(13):9626-30. Epub 2000 Dec 27. [PubMed:11134001 ]
  6. Abe T, Kakyo M, Tokui T, Nakagomi R, Nishio T, Nakai D, Nomura H, Unno M, Suzuki M, Naitoh T, Matsuno S, Yawo H: Identification of a novel gene family encoding human liver-specific organic anion transporter LST-1. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jun 11;274(24):17159-63. [PubMed:10358072 ]
Enzyme Details
4. Monocarboxylate transporter 1
General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter. Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucine, valine and isoleucine, and the ketone bodies acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetate
Gene Name:
SLC16A1
Uniprot ID:
P53985
Molecular weight:
53957.7
References
  1. Tamai I, Sai Y, Ono A, Kido Y, Yabuuchi H, Takanaga H, Satoh E, Ogihara T, Amano O, Izeki S, Tsuji A: Immunohistochemical and functional characterization of pH-dependent intestinal absorption of weak organic acids by the monocarboxylic acid transporter MCT1. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1999 Oct;51(10):1113-21. [PubMed:10579682 ]
Enzyme Details
5. Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of numerous organic anions. May function as a cellular cisplatin transporter
Gene Name:
ABCC2
Uniprot ID:
Q92887
Molecular weight:
174205.6
References
  1. Hartmann G, Cheung AK, Piquette-Miller M: Inflammatory cytokines, but not bile acids, regulate expression of murine hepatic anion transporters in endotoxemia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Oct;303(1):273-81. [PubMed:12235261 ]
Enzyme Details
6. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Mediates export of organic anions and drugs from the cytoplasm. Mediates ATP-dependent transport of glutathione and glutathione conjugates, leukotriene C4, estradiol-17-beta-o- glucuronide, methotrexate, antiviral drugs and other xenobiotics. Confers resistance to anticancer drugs. Hydrolyzes ATP with low efficiency
Gene Name:
ABCC1
Uniprot ID:
P33527
Molecular weight:
171589.5
References
  1. Hartmann G, Cheung AK, Piquette-Miller M: Inflammatory cytokines, but not bile acids, regulate expression of murine hepatic anion transporters in endotoxemia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Oct;303(1):273-81. [PubMed:12235261 ]
  2. Heijn M, Hooijberg JH, Scheffer GL, Szabo G, Westerhoff HV, Lankelma J: Anthracyclines modulate multidrug resistance protein (MRP) mediated organic anion transport. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997 May 22;1326(1):12-22. [PubMed:9188796 ]
Enzyme Details
7. Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as taurocholate, the prostaglandins PGD2, PGE1, PGE2, leukotriene C4, thromboxane B2 and iloprost
Gene Name:
SLCO2B1
Uniprot ID:
O94956
Molecular weight:
76697.9
References
  1. Nozawa T, Imai K, Nezu J, Tsuji A, Tamai I: Functional characterization of pH-sensitive organic anion transporting polypeptide OATP-B in human. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Feb;308(2):438-45. Epub 2003 Nov 10. [PubMed:14610227 ]
  2. Satoh H, Yamashita F, Tsujimoto M, Murakami H, Koyabu N, Ohtani H, Sawada Y: Citrus juices inhibit the function of human organic anion-transporting polypeptide OATP-B. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Apr;33(4):518-23. Epub 2005 Jan 7. [PubMed:15640378 ]
  3. Nishio T, Adachi H, Nakagomi R, Tokui T, Sato E, Tanemoto M, Fujiwara K, Okabe M, Onogawa T, Suzuki T, Nakai D, Shiiba K, Suzuki M, Ohtani H, Kondo Y, Unno M, Ito S, Iinuma K, Nunoki K, Matsuno S, Abe T: Molecular identification of a rat novel organic anion transporter moat1, which transports prostaglandin D(2), leukotriene C(4), and taurocholate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Sep 7;275(3):831-8. [PubMed:10973807 ]
Enzyme Details
8. Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
May act as an inducible transporter in the biliary and intestinal excretion of organic anions. Acts as an alternative route for the export of bile acids and glucuronides from cholestatic hepatocytes
Gene Name:
ABCC3
Uniprot ID:
O15438
Molecular weight:
169341.1
References
  1. Zeng H, Chen ZS, Belinsky MG, Rea PA, Kruh GD: Transport of methotrexate (MTX) and folates by multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 3 and MRP1: effect of polyglutamylation on MTX transport. Cancer Res. 2001 Oct 1;61(19):7225-32. [PubMed:11585759 ]
  2. Zelcer N, Saeki T, Bot I, Kuil A, Borst P: Transport of bile acids in multidrug-resistance-protein 3-overexpressing cells co-transfected with the ileal Na+-dependent bile-acid transporter. Biochem J. 2003 Jan 1;369(Pt 1):23-30. [PubMed:12220224 ]
  3. Zhang DW, Gu HM, Vasa M, Muredda M, Cole SP, Deeley RG: Characterization of the role of polar amino acid residues within predicted transmembrane helix 17 in determining the substrate specificity of multidrug resistance protein 3. Biochemistry. 2003 Aug 26;42(33):9989-10000. [PubMed:12924948 ]
  4. Hirohashi T, Suzuki H, Takikawa H, Sugiyama Y: ATP-dependent transport of bile salts by rat multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (Mrp3). J Biol Chem. 2000 Jan 28;275(4):2905-10. [PubMed:10644759 ]
  5. Li T, Ito K, Horie T: Transport of fluorescein methotrexate by multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 in IEC-6 cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2003 Sep;285(3):G602-10. [PubMed:12909565 ]
  6. Akita H, Suzuki H, Hirohashi T, Takikawa H, Sugiyama Y: Transport activity of human MRP3 expressed in Sf9 cells: comparative studies with rat MRP3. Pharm Res. 2002 Jan;19(1):34-41. [PubMed:11837698 ]
Enzyme Details
9. Bile salt export pump
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Involved in the ATP-dependent secretion of bile salts into the canaliculus of hepatocytes
Gene Name:
ABCB11
Uniprot ID:
O95342
Molecular weight:
146405.8
References
  1. Hartmann G, Cheung AK, Piquette-Miller M: Inflammatory cytokines, but not bile acids, regulate expression of murine hepatic anion transporters in endotoxemia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Oct;303(1):273-81. [PubMed:12235261 ]
  2. Wolters H, Elzinga BM, Baller JF, Boverhof R, Schwarz M, Stieger B, Verkade HJ, Kuipers F: Effects of bile salt flux variations on the expression of hepatic bile salt transporters in vivo in mice. J Hepatol. 2002 Nov;37(5):556-63. [PubMed:12399219 ]
  3. Byrne JA, Strautnieks SS, Mieli-Vergani G, Higgins CF, Linton KJ, Thompson RJ: The human bile salt export pump: characterization of substrate specificity and identification of inhibitors. Gastroenterology. 2002 Nov;123(5):1649-58. [PubMed:12404239 ]
  4. Noe J, Hagenbuch B, Meier PJ, St-Pierre MV: Characterization of the mouse bile salt export pump overexpressed in the baculovirus system. Hepatology. 2001 May;33(5):1223-31. [PubMed:11343252 ]
  5. Mendoza ME, Monte MJ, Serrano MA, Pastor-Anglada M, Stieger B, Meier PJ, Medarde M, Marin JJ: Physiological characteristics of allo-cholic acid. J Lipid Res. 2003 Jan;44(1):84-92. [PubMed:12518026 ]
  6. Green RM, Hoda F, Ward KL: Molecular cloning and characterization of the murine bile salt export pump. Gene. 2000 Jan 4;241(1):117-23. [PubMed:10607905 ]
  7. Lecureur V, Sun D, Hargrove P, Schuetz EG, Kim RB, Lan LB, Schuetz JD: Cloning and expression of murine sister of P-glycoprotein reveals a more discriminating transporter than MDR1/P-glycoprotein. Mol Pharmacol. 2000 Jan;57(1):24-35. [PubMed:10617675 ]
  8. Gerloff T, Stieger B, Hagenbuch B, Madon J, Landmann L, Roth J, Hofmann AF, Meier PJ: The sister of P-glycoprotein represents the canalicular bile salt export pump of mammalian liver. J Biol Chem. 1998 Apr 17;273(16):10046-50. [PubMed:9545351 ]
  9. Funk C, Pantze M, Jehle L, Ponelle C, Scheuermann G, Lazendic M, Gasser R: Troglitazone-induced intrahepatic cholestasis by an interference with the hepatobiliary export of bile acids in male and female rats. Correlation with the gender difference in troglitazone sulfate formation and the inhibition of the canalicular bile salt export pump (Bsep) by troglitazone and troglitazone sulfate. Toxicology. 2001 Oct 5;167(1):83-98. [PubMed:11557132 ]
  10. Akita H, Suzuki H, Ito K, Kinoshita S, Sato N, Takikawa H, Sugiyama Y: Characterization of bile acid transport mediated by multidrug resistance associated protein 2 and bile salt export pump. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001 Mar 9;1511(1):7-16. [PubMed:11248200 ]
  11. Madon J, Hagenbuch B, Landmann L, Meier PJ, Stieger B: Transport function and hepatocellular localization of mrp6 in rat liver. Mol Pharmacol. 2000 Mar;57(3):634-41. [PubMed:10692506 ]
  12. Mita S, Suzuki H, Akita H, Stieger B, Meier PJ, Hofmann AF, Sugiyama Y: Vectorial transport of bile salts across MDCK cells expressing both rat Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide and rat bile salt export pump. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2005 Jan;288(1):G159-67. Epub 2004 Aug 5. [PubMed:15297262 ]
Enzyme Details
10. Multidrug resistance protein 1
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells
Gene Name:
ABCB1
Uniprot ID:
P08183
Molecular weight:
141477.3
References
  1. Mazzanti R, Fantappie O, Kamimoto Y, Gatmaitan Z, Gentilini P, Arias IM: Bile acid inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport in multidrug-resistant cells and rat liver canalicular membrane vesicles. Hepatology. 1994 Jul;20(1 Pt 1):170-6. [PubMed:7912687 ]
  2. Lecureur V, Sun D, Hargrove P, Schuetz EG, Kim RB, Lan LB, Schuetz JD: Cloning and expression of murine sister of P-glycoprotein reveals a more discriminating transporter than MDR1/P-glycoprotein. Mol Pharmacol. 2000 Jan;57(1):24-35. [PubMed:10617675 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 24 proteins in total.

Show all enzymes and transporters