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GAL3ST1 galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 9514, updated on 11-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
GAL3ST1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase 1provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:24240
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000128242 MIM:602300; AllianceGenome:HGNC:24240
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
CST
Summary
Sulfonation, an important step in the metabolism of many drugs, xenobiotics, hormones, and neurotransmitters, is catalyzed by sulfotransferases. This gene encodes galactosylceramide sulfotransferase, which catalyzes the sulfation of membrane glycolipids including the final step in the synthesis of sulfatide, a major lipid component of the myelin sheath. This gene exhibits elevated expression in ovarian epithelial carcinoma and the encoded enzyme exhibits elevated activity in renal cell carcinoma. Mutations in this gene may be associated with reduced insulin resistance. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]
Expression
Biased expression in kidney (RPKM 2.0), duodenum (RPKM 1.8) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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Location:
22q12.2
Exon count:
9
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 22 NC_000022.11 (30554635..30574665, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 22 NC_060946.1 (31018042..31038069, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 22 NC_000022.10 (30950622..30970652, complement)

Chromosome 22 - NC_000022.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene SEC14 like lipid binding 4 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 10283 Neighboring gene SEC14 like lipid binding 6 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:30938591-30939583 Neighboring gene signal regulatory protein alpha pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak4480 silencer Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:30967053-30967554 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:30969210-30969891 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:30969892-30970572 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr22:30982632-30983831 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:30987725-30988440 Neighboring gene pescadillo ribosomal biogenesis factor 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18840 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:31002947-31003526 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 4664 Neighboring gene transcobalamin 2

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. The prognostic value of galactosylceramide-sulfotransferase (Gal3ST1) in human renal cell carcinoma. Porubsky S, et al. Sci Rep, 2021 May 25. PMID 34035403, Free PMC Article
  2. A Hypoxia-Inducible HIF1-GAL3ST1-Sulfatide Axis Enhances ccRCC Immune Evasion via Increased Tumor Cell-Platelet Binding. Robinson CM, et al. Mol Cancer Res, 2019 Nov. PMID 31427440
  3. Elevation of sulfatides in ovarian cancer: an integrated transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis including tissue-imaging mass spectrometry. Liu Y, et al. Mol Cancer, 2010 Jul 12. PMID 20624317, Free PMC Article
  4. N-glycosylation is required for full enzymic activity of the murine galactosylceramide sulphotransferase. Eckhardt M, et al. Biochem J, 2002 Nov 15. PMID 12175333, Free PMC Article
  5. Cancer-associated alternative usage of multiple promoters of human GalCer sulfotransferase gene. Tsuda M, et al. Eur J Biochem, 2000 May. PMID 10785389

See all (26) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. The prognostic value of galactosylceramide-sulfotransferase (Gal3ST1) in human renal cell carcinoma.
    Title: The prognostic value of galactosylceramide-sulfotransferase (Gal3ST1) in human renal cell carcinoma.
  2. These results suggest that GAL3ST1 is a HIF-responsive gene that may contribute to clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) development via promoting cancer cell evasion of immune surveillance.
    Title: A Hypoxia-Inducible HIF1-GAL3ST1-Sulfatide Axis Enhances ccRCC Immune Evasion via Increased Tumor Cell-Platelet Binding.
  3. results suggest that heterozygosity at SNP rs2267161 in the gene encoding the CST enzyme confers increased risk of type 2 diabetes; females with the CC allele showed lower insulin resistance
    Title: A variation in the cerebroside sulfotransferase gene is linked to exercise-modified insulin resistance and to type 2 diabetes.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables galactosylceramide sulfotransferase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables galactosylceramide sulfotransferase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables galactosylceramide sulfotransferase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables galactosylceramide sulfotransferase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
enables sulfotransferase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in galactosylceramide biosynthetic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in galactosylceramide metabolic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in glycerolipid metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in glycosphingolipid biosynthetic process TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
involved_in myelination IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in protein N-linked glycosylation TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in spermatogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in sphingolipid metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in Golgi membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
galactosylceramide sulfotransferase
Names
3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate:GalCer sulfotransferase
cerebroside (3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate:galactosylceramide 3') sulfotransferase
NP_001305032.1
NP_001305033.1
NP_001305034.1
NP_001305035.1
NP_001305036.1
NP_001305037.1
NP_001305038.1
NP_001305039.1
NP_001305040.1
NP_001305041.1
NP_001305042.1
NP_001305043.1
NP_001305044.1
NP_001305045.1
NP_004852.1
XP_011528820.2
XP_011528824.1
XP_011528830.1
XP_016884585.1
XP_016884586.1
XP_054182122.1
XP_054182123.1
XP_054182124.1
XP_054182125.1
XP_054182126.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001318103.2 → NP_001305032.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform 1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1-12 encode the same isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC005006, AW137588, BM923857, D88667, DA372454
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13879.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q96C63, Q99999
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R7S4
    Related
    ENSP00000384122.1, ENST00000402369.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06990
    Location:1 → 408
    Gal-3-0_sulfotr; Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase

  2. NM_001318104.2 → NP_001305033.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform 1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1-12 encode the same isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC005006, AW137588, BM923857, D88667, DA271385
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13879.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q96C63, Q99999
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R7S4
    Related
    ENSP00000385207.1, ENST00000406361.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06990
    Location:1 → 408
    Gal-3-0_sulfotr; Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase

  3. NM_001318105.2 → NP_001305034.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform 1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1-12 encode the same isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AK313097, AW137588, D88667, DA384904
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13879.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q96C63, Q99999
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R7S4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06990
    Location:1 → 408
    Gal-3-0_sulfotr; Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase

  4. NM_001318106.2 → NP_001305035.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform 1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the shortest isoform (1). Variants 1-12 encode the same isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AW137588, D88667, DA384904
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13879.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q96C63, Q99999
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R7S4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06990
    Location:1 → 408
    Gal-3-0_sulfotr; Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase

  5. NM_001318107.2 → NP_001305036.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (13) differs in the 5' UTR and uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 5' coding region compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is longer than isoform 1. Both variants 13 and 14 encode the same isoform (2).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC005006, AW137588, D88667, DA382951
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R7S4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06990
    Location:1 → 409
    Gal-3-0_sulfotr; Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase

  6. NM_001318108.2 → NP_001305037.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform 1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (5) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1-12 encode the same isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AW137588, D88667, DA376354, DA384904
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13879.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q96C63, Q99999
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R7S4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06990
    Location:1 → 408
    Gal-3-0_sulfotr; Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase

  7. NM_001318109.1 → NP_001305038.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform 3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (15) differs in the 5' UTR and uses an alternate translation start site compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) has a longer and distinct N-terminus compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AW137588, BP220526, D88667, DA384904
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R7S4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06990
    Location:26 → 433
    Gal-3-0_sulfotr; Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase

  8. NM_001318110.2 → NP_001305039.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform 1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (6) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1-12 encode the same isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AW137588, D88667, DA379889, DA381062
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13879.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q96C63, Q99999
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R7S4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06990
    Location:1 → 408
    Gal-3-0_sulfotr; Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase

  9. NM_001318111.2 → NP_001305040.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform 1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (7) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1-12 encode the same isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AW137588, BU584341, D88667, DA371478, DA381062
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13879.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q96C63, Q99999
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R7S4
    Related
    ENSP00000385735.1, ENST00000402321.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06990
    Location:1 → 408
    Gal-3-0_sulfotr; Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase

  10. NM_001318112.2 → NP_001305041.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform 1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (9) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1-12 encode the same isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AW137588, BC019077, BP276494, D88667
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13879.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q96C63, Q99999
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R7S4
    Related
    ENSP00000385825.1, ENST00000406955.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06990
    Location:1 → 408
    Gal-3-0_sulfotr; Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase

  11. NM_001318113.2 → NP_001305042.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform 1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (10) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1-12 encode the same isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AW137588, BC014649, BP276494, D88667
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13879.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q96C63, Q99999
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R7S4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06990
    Location:1 → 408
    Gal-3-0_sulfotr; Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase

  12. NM_001318114.2 → NP_001305043.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (14) differs in the 5' UTR and uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 5' coding region compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is longer than isoform 1. Both variants 13 and 14 encode the same isoform (2).
    Source sequence(s)
    AW137588, BP276494, D88667, DA381099
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R7S4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06990
    Location:1 → 409
    Gal-3-0_sulfotr; Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase

  13. NM_001318115.2 → NP_001305044.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform 1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (11) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1-12 encode the same isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC005006, AW137588, BG419785, BP276494, D88667
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13879.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q96C63, Q99999
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R7S4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06990
    Location:1 → 408
    Gal-3-0_sulfotr; Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase

  14. NM_001318116.2 → NP_001305045.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform 1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (12) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1-12 encode the same isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AW137588, BP276494, D88667, DA370553
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13879.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q96C63, Q99999
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R7S4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06990
    Location:1 → 408
    Gal-3-0_sulfotr; Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase

  15. NM_004861.3 → NP_004852.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004852.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (8) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1-12 encode the same isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AW137588, D88667, DA381062
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13879.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q96C63, Q99999
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R7S4
    Related
    ENSP00000384388.1, ENST00000401975.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06990
    Location:1 → 408
    Gal-3-0_sulfotr; Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000022.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    30554635..30574665 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_011530518.3 → XP_011528820.2  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform X1

  2. XM_011530522.3 → XP_011528824.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform X2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011528824.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R7S4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06990
    Location:1 → 409
    Gal-3-0_sulfotr; Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase

  3. XM_017029097.2 → XP_016884586.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R7S4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06990
    Location:1 → 409
    Gal-3-0_sulfotr; Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase

  4. XM_017029096.2 → XP_016884585.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R7S4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06990
    Location:1 → 409
    Gal-3-0_sulfotr; Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase

  5. XM_011530528.2 → XP_011528830.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform X2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011528830.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2R7S4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06990
    Location:1 → 409
    Gal-3-0_sulfotr; Galactose-3-O-sulfotransferase

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060946.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    31018042..31038069 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054326147.1 → XP_054182122.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform X1

  2. XM_054326148.1 → XP_054182123.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform X2

  3. XM_054326150.1 → XP_054182125.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform X2

  4. XM_054326149.1 → XP_054182124.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform X2

  5. XM_054326151.1 → XP_054182126.1  galactosylceramide sulfotransferase isoform X2

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q99999.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q99999

Gene LinkOut

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