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PAL2 phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2 [ Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) ]

Gene ID: 824493, updated on 7-Sep-2023

Summary

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Gene symbol
PAL2
Gene description
phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2
Primary source
Araport:AT3G53260
Locus tag
AT3G53260
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage
Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as
ATPAL2; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2
Summary
Encodes phenylalanine lyase. Arabidopsis has four PALs: AT2G37040 (PAL1), AT3G53260 (PAL2), AT5G04230 (PAL3) and AT3G10340 (PAL4).
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Genomic context

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Location:
chromosome: 3
Exon count:
2
Sequence:
Chromosome: 3; NC_003074.8 (19744018..19747114, complement)

Chromosome 3 - NC_003074.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene receptor like protein 45 Neighboring gene SAUR-like auxin-responsive protein family Neighboring gene Small nuclear RNA activating complex (SNAPc), subunit SNAP43 protein Neighboring gene cytochrome p450 71b5

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:
NC_003074.8

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. The PAL2 promoter activities in relation to structural development and adaptation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Wong JH, et al. Planta, 2012 Feb. PMID 21874349
  2. Molecular phenotyping of the pal1 and pal2 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana reveals far-reaching consequences on phenylpropanoid, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Rohde A, et al. Plant Cell, 2004 Oct. PMID 15377757, Free PMC Article
  3. Differential expression of four Arabidopsis PAL genes; PAL1 and PAL2 have functional specialization in abiotic environmental-triggered flavonoid synthesis. Olsen KM, et al. J Plant Physiol, 2008 Sep 29. PMID 18242769
  4. The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Wanner LA, et al. Plant Mol Biol, 1995 Jan. PMID 7888622
  5. Arabidopsis Kelch repeat F-box proteins regulate phenylpropanoid biosynthesis via controlling the turnover of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Zhang X, et al. Plant Cell, 2013 Dec. PMID 24363316, Free PMC Article

See all (14) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. The PAL2 promoter was active throughout the course of the plant development particularly in the root, rosette leaf, and inflorescence stem. PAL2 is primarily involved in structural development and adaptation of Arabidopsis thaliana.
    Title: The PAL2 promoter activities in relation to structural development and adaptation in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  2. PAL1 and PAL2 also have functional specialization in abiotic environmental-triggered flavonoid synthesis.
    Title: Differential expression of four Arabidopsis PAL genes; PAL1 and PAL2 have functional specialization in abiotic environmental-triggered flavonoid synthesis.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Homology

NM_115186.4

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 
enables phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within L-phenylalanine catabolic process IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in L-phenylalanine catabolic process IGI
Inferred from Genetic Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cinnamic acid biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within phenylpropanoid biosynthetic process TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to oxidative stress IEP
Inferred from Expression Pattern
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to wounding TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytoplasm ISM
Inferred from Sequence Model
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2
NP_190894.1
  • phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2 (PAL2); FUNCTIONS IN: phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity; INVOLVED IN: response to oxidative stress, response to karrikin, phenylpropanoid biosynthetic process, response to wounding, defense response; LOCATED IN: cytoplasm; EXPRESSED IN: 22 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 14 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Phenylalanine/histidine ammonia-lyase (InterPro:IPR001106), Phenylalanine/histidine ammonia-lyases, active site (InterPro:IPR022313), L-Aspartase-like (InterPro:IPR008948), Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (InterPro:IPR005922); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: PHE ammonia lyase 1 (TAIR:AT2G37040.1); Has 4835 Blast hits to 4816 proteins in 1397 species: Archae - 40; Bacteria - 2928; Metazoa - 79; Fungi - 127; Plants - 1172; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 489 (source: NCBI BLink).

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_003074.8 Reference assembly

    Range
    19744018..19747114 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_115186.4 → NP_190894.1  phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2 [Arabidopsis thaliana]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_190894.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P45724, Q53ZM9, Q8RWP4, Q94KC9, Q9SCN5
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A178VNB5, A0A5S9XKH8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    PLN02457
    Location:13 → 717
    PLN02457; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P45724.2

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