Txnrd2 thioredoxin reductase 2 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Txnrd2provided by RGD
Official Full Name: thioredoxin reductase 2provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:61960
See related: Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000001890 AllianceGenome:RGD:61960
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Tr3; Trxr2; Trxrd2
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family, and is a member of the thioredoxin (Trx) system. Three thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) isozymes are found in mammals. TrxRs are selenocysteine-containing flavoenzymes, which reduce thioredoxins, as well as other substrates, and play a key role in redox homoeostasis. This gene encodes a mitochondrial form important for scavenging reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. It functions as a homodimer containing FAD, and selenocysteine (Sec) at the active site. Sec is encoded by UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2017]
Expression: Biased expression in Adrenal (RPKM 156.2), Heart (RPKM 114.3) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 11q23

Exon count:: 18

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	11	NC_086029.1 (96024321..96072475, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	11	NC_051346.1 (82519996..82568156, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	11	NC_005110.4 (86667994..86716063, complement)

Chromosome 11 - NC_086029.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Different doxorubicin formulations decreased liver expression of TXNRD2.
Title: Different doxorubicin formulations affect plasma 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and gene expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 and thioredoxin reductase 2 in rat.
Active TrxR1 and TrxR2 are required for cerebellar granule cell survival.
Title: Thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system involvement in cerebellar granule cell apoptosis.
Upregulation of thioredoxin reductase-2 plays a critical role in preserving the mitochondrial redox status in the heart and skeletal muscle with exercise.
Title: Novel role for thioredoxin reductase-2 in mitochondrial redox adaptations to obesogenic diet and exercise in heart and skeletal muscle.
the role of Trx/Prx system in dopaminergic cell death
Title: Thioredoxin reductase deficiency potentiates oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in dopaminergic cells.
TRX1 and TRX2 overexpression protected retinal ganglion cells(RCGs) from death after optic nerve axotomy, in oxidative stress, and in an animal model of glaucoma.
Title: Overexpression of thioredoxins 1 and 2 increases retinal ganglion cell survival after pharmacologically induced oxidative stress, optic nerve transection, and in experimental glaucoma.
Data show that there is a prioritisation of TrxR2 over TrxR1 during Se deficiency.
Title: Differential regulation of expression of cytosolic and mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase in rat liver and kidney.
the function of TR3 is not limited to its role in Trx2 reduction
Title: Characterization of alternative cytosolic forms and cellular targets of mouse mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

General gene information

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Markers

RH128918 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:212226

RH135722 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:158767

D11Mgh1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:119429

D11Wox6 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:517784

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables flavin adenine dinucleotide binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein homodimerization activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein-containing complex binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
enables thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in cell redox homeostasis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in cell redox homeostasis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cell redox homeostasis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cell redox homeostasis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in cellular oxidant detoxification	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within heart development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within hemopoiesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in protein-containing complex assembly	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in response to hydrogen peroxide	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in response to hyperoxia	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to inorganic substance	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to oxygen radical	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in response to selenium ion	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in axon	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in cytosol	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in dendrite	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in mitochondrion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in mitochondrion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in mitochondrion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in mitochondrion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in neuronal cell body	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial

Names: thioredoxin reductase TR3

NP_072106.1

EC 1.8.1.9

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_022584.3 → NP_072106.1 thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_072106.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

BC085734, JAXUCZ010000011

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q9Z0J5

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6JSG3

Related

ENSRNOP00000002593.7, ENSRNOT00000002593.8

Conserved Domains (5) summary

TIGR01438
Location:41 → 526

TGR; thioredoxin and glutathione reductase selenoprotein

pfam00070
Location:222 → 288

Pyr_redox; Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase

pfam02852
Location:398 → 507

Pyr_redox_dim; Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase, dimerization domain

cl14785
Location:126 → 192

FMT_C_like; Carboxy-terminal domain of Formyltransferase and similar domains

cl21454
Location:42 → 77

NADB_Rossmann; Rossmann-fold NAD(P)(+)-binding proteins