Xdh xanthine dehydrogenase [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Xdhprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: xanthine dehydrogenaseprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:62043
See related: Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000007081 AllianceGenome:RGD:62043
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: XOR
Summary: This gene encodes a member of the xanthine dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. The encoded protein is involved in purine degradation and functions as both a dehydrogenase and an oxidase. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]
Expression: Biased expression in Adrenal (RPKM 637.6), Spleen (RPKM 495.4) and 8 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 6q13

Exon count:: 36

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	6	NC_086024.1 (27282319..27344022)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	6	NC_051341.1 (21530463..21592172)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	6	NC_005105.4 (25149570..25211273, complement)

Chromosome 6 - NC_086024.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

The presence of xanthine dehydrogenase is crucial for the maturation of the rat kidneys.
Title: The presence of xanthine dehydrogenase is crucial for the maturation of the rat kidneys.
S-allyl cysteine as potent anti-gout drug: Insight into the xanthine oxidase inhibition and anti-inflammatory activity.
Title: S-allyl cysteine as potent anti-gout drug: Insight into the xanthine oxidase inhibition and anti-inflammatory activity.
Abdominal paracentesis drainage protects rats against severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury by reducing the mobilization of intestinal xanthine dehydrogenase.
Title: Abdominal paracentesis drainage protects rats against severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury by reducing the mobilization of intestinal XDH/XOD.
Our results show that XOR is important to the cardiovascular responses to nitrite in 2K1C hypertension, and XOR inhibitors commonly used by patients may cancel this effect. This finding suggests that nitrite treatment may not be effective in patients being treated with XOR inhibitors
Title: Tempol improves xanthine oxidoreductase-mediated vascular responses to nitrite in experimental renovascular hypertension.
Hepatocyte growth factor prevents XO activation following hypoxia/reoxygenation primarily by inhibiting the JAK2 signaling pathway and in turn, inhibiting the increase in cytosolic Calcium.
Title: Hepatocyte growth factor inhibits hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced activation of xanthine oxidase in endothelial cells through the JAK2 signaling pathway.
Treatment with etaftorone decreased expression of inducible NOS and XOR in kidneys, whereas it increased the expression of endothelial NOS.
Title: New 1,4-Dihydropyridines Down-regulate Nitric Oxide in Animals with Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes Mellitus and Protect Deoxyribonucleic Acid against Peroxynitrite Action.
Results suggest that exaggerated XO activity and resultant increase in oxidative stress contributes to hypertension and xanthine oxidase inhibition could treat treating hypertension and related endothelial dysfunction.
Title: Febuxostat, a novel xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor, improves hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
The results thus demonstrate that XO mediates oxidative stress in MB+PQ-treated rat PMNs via iNOS-independent but cytokine (predominantly IFN-gamma)-dependent mechanism.
Title: IFN-γ regulates xanthine oxidase-mediated iNOS-independent oxidative stress in maneb- and paraquat-treated rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Transitional cell tumors induced by xanthine oxidase inhibitor topiroxostat in rats were due to physical stimulation to transitional cells of xanthine crystals/calculi.
Title: Xanthine crystals induced by topiroxostat, a xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor, in rats, cause transitional cell tumors.
Silencing xanthine oxidase blocked intermittent hypoxia-induced upregulation of HIF-1a demonstrating that HIF-1a activation requires Nox2 activation by xanthine oxidase.
Title: HIF-1α activation by intermittent hypoxia requires NADPH oxidase stimulation by xanthine oxidase.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (47)

General gene information

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Markers

RH136872 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:218961

BE120616 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:247387

Xdh (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:186556

D6Rat74 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:228075

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables FAD binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables flavin adenine dinucleotide binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables flavin adenine dinucleotide binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables flavin adenine dinucleotide binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables hypoxanthine dehydrogenase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables hypoxanthine dehydrogenase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables hypoxanthine oxidase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables hypoxanthine oxidase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables identical protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables iron ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables molybdopterin cofactor binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables molybdopterin cofactor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables molybdopterin cofactor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables molybdopterin cofactor binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables nitrite reductase (NO-forming) activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables oxidoreductase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein homodimerization activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein homodimerization activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables xanthine dehydrogenase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables xanthine dehydrogenase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables xanthine dehydrogenase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables xanthine dehydrogenase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables xanthine oxidase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables xanthine oxidase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables xanthine oxidase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables xanthine oxidase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in AMP catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in AMP catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in GMP catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in GMP catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in IMP catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in IMP catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in adenosine catabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in adenosine catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in adenosine catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in allantoin metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in allantoin metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in allantoin metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in amide catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in amide catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to interleukin-1	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in dAMP catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in dAMP catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in dGMP catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in dGMP catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in deoxyadenosine catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in deoxyadenosine catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in deoxyguanosine catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in deoxyguanosine catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in deoxyinosine catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in deoxyinosine catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in guanine catabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in guanine catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in guanine catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in hypoxanthine catabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in hypoxanthine catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in hypoxanthine catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in inosine catabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in inosine catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in inosine catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in iron-sulfur cluster assembly	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within iron-sulfur cluster assembly	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in lactation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within lactation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of endothelial cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of endothelial cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of vasculogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of vasculogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of epithelial cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to aluminum ion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to azide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to carbon monoxide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to hydrogen peroxide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to lipopolysaccharide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in xanthine catabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in xanthine catabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in xanthine catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in xanthine catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in xanthine catabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in peroxisome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in peroxisome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in sarcoplasmic reticulum	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in sarcoplasmic reticulum	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase

Names: xanthine oxidase; xanthine oxidoreductase

NP_058850.2

EC 1.17.1.4

EC 1.17.3.2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_017154.2 → NP_058850.2 xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase

Status: PROVISIONAL

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000006

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P22985, Q63157

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6H9Z6, F1LQS6

Related

ENSRNOP00000009634.5, ENSRNOT00000009634.7

Conserved Domains (1) summary

PLN02906
Location:23 → 1317

PLN02906; xanthine dehydrogenase