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STS steroid sulfatase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 412, updated on 3-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
STSprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
steroid sulfataseprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:11425
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000101846 MIM:300747; AllianceGenome:HGNC:11425
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
ES; ASC; XLI; ARSC; SSDD; ARSC1
Summary
This gene encodes a multi-pass membrane protein that is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. It belongs to the sulfatase family and hydrolyzes several 3-beta-hydroxysteroid sulfates, which serve as metabolic precursors for estrogens, androgens, and cholesterol. Mutations in this gene are associated with X-linked ichthyosis (XLI). Alternatively spliced transcript variants resulting from the use of different promoters have been described for this gene (PMID:17601726). [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2016]
Expression
Broad expression in placenta (RPKM 15.1), fat (RPKM 11.7) and 22 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See STS in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
Xp22.31
Exon count:
16
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) X NC_000023.11 (7147290..7354641)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) X NC_060947.1 (6701075..6908316)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) X NC_000023.10 (7065331..7272682)

Chromosome X - NC_000023.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene pseudouridine 5'-phosphatase Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107987331 Neighboring gene RPS27A pseudogene 17 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:6975911-6976411 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 29382 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:6986912-6987412 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:7000180-7000680 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:7000681-7001181 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 29383 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 29384 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 29385 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 29386 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 29387 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:7033895-7034396 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:7034397-7034896 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20649 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 29389 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 29390 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 29391 Neighboring gene microRNA 4767 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:7154725-7155349 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 5189 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:7208639-7209140 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chrX:7290864-7292063 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:7366971-7367514 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:7510918-7511520 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124905241 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:7682068-7682794 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:7682795-7683521 Neighboring gene variable charge X-linked

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Structure of human placental steroid sulfatase at 2.0 angstrom resolution: Catalysis, quaternary association, and a secondary ligand site. Ghosh D. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2023 Mar. PMID 36427797
  2. A novel STS mutation and an Xp22.31 microdeletion in a Chinese family with X-linked ichthyosis. Huang Y, et al. Clin Exp Dermatol, 2021 Apr. PMID 33336383
  3. Testicular steroid sulfatase overexpression is associated with Leydig cell dysfunction in primary spermatogenic failure. Lardone MC, et al. Andrology, 2021 Mar. PMID 33290605
  4. Steroid Sulfatase Stimulates Intracrine Androgen Synthesis and is a Therapeutic Target for Advanced Prostate Cancer. Armstrong CM, et al. Clin Cancer Res, 2020 Nov 15. PMID 32928794, Free PMC Article
  5. Medical and neurobehavioural phenotypes in male and female carriers of Xp22.31 duplications in the UK Biobank. Gubb SJA, et al. Hum Mol Genet, 2020 Oct 10. PMID 32766777, Free PMC Article

See all (117) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. STS and PUDP Deletion Identified by Targeted Panel Sequencing with CNV Analysis in X-Linked Ichthyosis: A Case Report and Literature Review.
    Title: STS and PUDP Deletion Identified by Targeted Panel Sequencing with CNV Analysis in X-Linked Ichthyosis: A Case Report and Literature Review.
  2. Biallelic mutations in FLG, TGM1, and STS genes segregated with different types of ichthyoses in eight families of Pakistani origin.
    Title: Biallelic mutations in FLG, TGM1, and STS genes segregated with different types of ichthyoses in eight families of Pakistani origin.
  3. Structure of human placental steroid sulfatase at 2.0 angstrom resolution: Catalysis, quaternary association, and a secondary ligand site.
    Title: Structure of human placental steroid sulfatase at 2.0 angstrom resolution: Catalysis, quaternary association, and a secondary ligand site.
  4. Steroid sulfatase deficiency causes cellular senescence and abnormal differentiation by inducing Yippee-like 3 expression in human keratinocytes.
    Title: Steroid sulfatase deficiency causes cellular senescence and abnormal differentiation by inducing Yippee-like 3 expression in human keratinocytes.
  5. A novel STS mutation and an Xp22.31 microdeletion in a Chinese family with X-linked ichthyosis.
    Title: A novel STS mutation and an Xp22.31 microdeletion in a Chinese family with X-linked ichthyosis.
  6. Steroid Sulfatase Stimulates Intracrine Androgen Synthesis and is a Therapeutic Target for Advanced Prostate Cancer.
    Title: Steroid Sulfatase Stimulates Intracrine Androgen Synthesis and is a Therapeutic Target for Advanced Prostate Cancer.
  7. Testicular steroid sulfatase overexpression is associated with Leydig cell dysfunction in primary spermatogenic failure.
    Title: Testicular steroid sulfatase overexpression is associated with Leydig cell dysfunction in primary spermatogenic failure.
  8. Lead optimization of 4-(thio)-chromenone 6-O-sulfamate analogs using QSAR, molecular docking and DFT - a combined approach as steroidal sulfatase inhibitors.
    Title: Lead optimization of 4-(thio)-chromenone 6-O-sulfamate analogs using QSAR, molecular docking and DFT - a combined approach as steroidal sulfatase inhibitors.
  9. Medical and neurobehavioural phenotypes in male and female carriers of Xp22.31 duplications in the UK Biobank.
    Title: Medical and neurobehavioural phenotypes in male and female carriers of Xp22.31 duplications in the UK Biobank.
  10. Medical and neurobehavioural phenotypes in carriers of X-linked ichthyosis-associated genetic deletions in the UK Biobank.
    Title: Medical and neurobehavioural phenotypes in carriers of X-linked ichthyosis-associated genetic deletions in the UK Biobank.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (87)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description Tests
X-linked ichthyosis with steryl-sulfatase deficiency
MedGen: C0079588 OMIM: 308100 GeneReviews: Not available
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Copy number response

Description
Copy number response
Triplosensitivity

No evidence available (Last evaluated 2018-09-13)

ClinGen Genome Curation Page
Haploinsufficency

Sufficient evidence for dosage pathogenicity (Last evaluated 2018-09-13)

ClinGen Genome Curation PagePubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables arylsulfatase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables metal ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables steryl-sulfatase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables sulfuric ester hydrolase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in epidermis development TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in female pregnancy IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in steroid catabolic process TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in Golgi apparatus TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in endoplasmic reticulum TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in endoplasmic reticulum lumen TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in endosome TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in lysosome TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
steryl-sulfatase
Names
arylsulfatase C
estrone sulfatase
steroid sulfatase (microsomal), isozyme S
steryl-sulfate sulfohydrolase
NP_000342.3
NP_001307679.1
NP_001307680.1
NP_001307681.2
NP_001307682.1
NP_001307683.1
XP_047298063.1
XP_054183043.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_021472.2 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5461..212390
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_000351.7 → NP_000342.3  steryl-sulfatase isoform 1 precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes isoform 1. It is expressed almost exclusively in the placenta. Variants 1 and 4 encode the same isoform.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC005704, AC112651, BC075030
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS14127.2
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RA47, P08842
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A590UJL0, A0A6I8PRU4
    Related
    ENSP00000217961.5, ENST00000217961.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd16159
    Location:21 → 545
    ES; Estrone sulfatase

  2. NM_001320750.3 → NP_001307679.1  steryl-sulfatase isoform 2 precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate promoter, contains two alternate 5' exons, and initiates translation at an alternate start codon compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is longer with a distinct N-terminus compared to isoform 1. This variant is expressed in most tissues tested. Variants 2, 3 and 4 encode the same isoform.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC112651, AM282551, BC075030, BQ184961, DA327298, J04964, M16505
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RA47, P08842
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG3119
    Location:30 → 555
    AslA; Arylsulfatase A or related enzyme [Inorganic ion transport and metabolism]
    cd16159
    Location:33 → 557
    ES; Estrone sulfatase

  3. NM_001320751.2 → NP_001307680.1  steryl-sulfatase isoform 2 precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate promoter, contains three alternate 5' exons, and initiates translation at an alternate start codon compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is longer with a distinct N-terminus compared to isoform 1. Variants 2, 3 and 4 encode the same isoform.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC073583, AC112651, AM072428, BC075030, BQ184961, DA406759, FM209047, J04964, M16505
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RA47, P08842
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG3119
    Location:30 → 555
    AslA; Arylsulfatase A or related enzyme [Inorganic ion transport and metabolism]
    cd16159
    Location:33 → 557
    ES; Estrone sulfatase

  4. NM_001320752.2 → NP_001307681.2  steryl-sulfatase isoform 1 precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses an alternate promoter and differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 4 encode the same isoform.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC005704, AC073583, AC112651, BX119415, BX390437, DA726770, DA855321
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS14127.2
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RA47, P08842
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A590UJL0, A0A6I8PRU4
    Related
    ENSP00000501534.1, ENST00000674429.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd16159
    Location:21 → 545
    ES; Estrone sulfatase

  5. NM_001320753.2 → NP_001307682.1  steryl-sulfatase isoform 1 precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (5) uses an alternate promoter, contains an alternate 5' exon, and initiates translation from an in-frame, downstream start codon compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) has a shorter N-terminus compared to isoform 1. Variants 5 and 6 encode the same isoform.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC112651, AM282553, BC075030, BQ184961, J04964, M16505
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS14127.2
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RA47, P08842
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A590UJL0, A0A6I8PRU4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd16159
    Location:21 → 545
    ES; Estrone sulfatase

  6. NM_001320754.2 → NP_001307683.1  steryl-sulfatase isoform 1 precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (6) uses an alternate promoter, contains an alternate 5' exon, and initiates translation from an in-frame, downstream start codon compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) has a shorter N-terminus compared to isoform 1. Variants 5 and 6 encode the same isoform.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC112651, AM282554, BC075030, BQ184961, J04964, M16505
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS14127.2
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2RA47, P08842
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A590UJL0, A0A6I8PRU4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd16159
    Location:21 → 545
    ES; Estrone sulfatase

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000023.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    7147290..7354641
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047442107.1 → XP_047298063.1  steryl-sulfatase isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A590UJL0, A0A6I8PRU4

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060947.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    6701075..6908316
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054327068.1 → XP_054183043.1  steryl-sulfatase isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A590UJL0, A0A6I8PRU4
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P08842.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P08842

Gene LinkOut

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