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GSTA2 glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 2939, updated on 3-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
GSTA2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
glutathione S-transferase alpha 2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:4627
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000244067 MIM:138360; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4627
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
GST2; GTA2; GTH2; GSTA2-2
Summary
Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. These enzymes function in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding these enzymes are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of some drugs. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-tranferase belonging to the alpha class. The alpha class genes, located in a cluster mapped to chromosome 6, are the most abundantly expressed glutathione S-transferases in liver. In addition to metabolizing bilirubin and certain anti-cancer drugs in the liver, the alpha class of these enzymes exhibit glutathione peroxidase activity thereby protecting the cells from reactive oxygen species and the products of peroxidation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Biased expression in liver (RPKM 492.6), kidney (RPKM 310.5) and 6 other tissues See more
Orthologs
all
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Genomic context

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Location:
6p12.2
Exon count:
8
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 6 NC_000006.12 (52750087..52763475, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 6 NC_060930.1 (52588869..52602258, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 6 NC_000006.11 (52614885..52628273, complement)

Chromosome 6 - NC_000006.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene SREK1IP1 pseudogene 2 Neighboring gene glutathione S-transferase alpha 8, pseudogene Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr6:52577613-52578812 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr6:52587241-52587355 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 17286 Neighboring gene glutathione S-transferase alpha 7, pseudogene Neighboring gene glutathione S-transferase alpha 12, pseudogene Neighboring gene glutathione S-transferase alpha 1

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Glutathione transferase-A2 S112T polymorphism predicts survival, transplant-related mortality, busulfan and bilirubin blood levels after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Bonifazi F, et al. Haematologica, 2014 Jan. PMID 24056816, Free PMC Article
  2. Differences among allelic variants of human glutathione transferase A2-2 in the activation of azathioprine. Zhang W, et al. Chem Biol Interact, 2010 Jul 30. PMID 20434437
  3. Overexpression of GSTA2 protects against cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by the DNA inter-strand crosslinking nitrogen mustard, mechlorethamine. Xie J, et al. J Cell Biochem, 2005 May 15. PMID 15778998
  4. Transmutation of human glutathione transferase A2-2 with peroxidase activity into an efficient steroid isomerase. Pettersson PL, et al. J Biol Chem, 2002 Aug 16. PMID 12023294
  5. A surface mutant (G82R) of a human alpha-glutathione S-transferase shows decreased thermal stability and a new mode of molecular association in the crystal. Zeng K, et al. Proteins, 1994 Nov. PMID 7892174

See all (64) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. the GSTA2 S112T polymorphism is predictive of transplant outcome in patients receiving busulfan in the preparative regimen, at least in association with cyclophosphamide.
    Title: Glutathione transferase-A2 S112T polymorphism predicts survival, transplant-related mortality, busulfan and bilirubin blood levels after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
  2. Data indicate that steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) and glutathione S-transferase A (GSTA) family genes (hGSTA1-hGSTA4) are involved in steroidogenesis.
    Title: Human glutathione S-transferase A (GSTA) family genes are regulated by steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) and are involved in steroidogenesis.
  3. By direct resequencing of the 5'-flanking region, all the exons, and their flanking introns for 107 patients, 29 and 27 variants were identified in GSTA1 and GSTA2, respectively.
    Title: Genetic variation and haplotype structures of the glutathione S-transferase genes GSTA1 and GSTA2 in Japanese colorectal cancer patients.
  4. Single nucleotide polymorphism in GSTA2 is associated with low-stage non-small cell lung cancer.
    Title: Systematic evaluation of genetic variants in three biological pathways on patient survival in low-stage non-small cell lung cancer.
  5. Even with typical substrates, the astonishing concentration of glutathione transferase present in hepatocytes, causes an unusual "inverted" kinetics whereby the classical trends of v versus E and v versus S are reversed
    Title: The extended catalysis of glutathione transferase.
  6. it is unlikely that glutathione S-transferases GSTA2, GSTM2, GSTO1, GSTO2, and GSTZ1 participate in breast cancer susceptibility.
    Title: No evidence for glutathione S-transferases GSTA2, GSTM2, GSTO1, GSTO2, and GSTZ1 in breast cancer risk.
  7. studied the five known allelic variants of human glutathione transferase A2-2 (GST A2-2) (EC 2.5.1.18), abundantly expressed in liver and efficiently catalyzing the bioactivation of azathioprine to release 6-mercaptopurine
    Title: Differences among allelic variants of human glutathione transferase A2-2 in the activation of azathioprine.
  8. The 3D structures of human GSTs A2-2 and A3-3 in complex with Delta(4)-androstene-3-17-dione, were solved.
    Title: Structural basis for featuring of steroid isomerase activity in alpha class glutathione transferases.
  9. Observational study of gene-disease association, gene-environment interaction, and pharmacogenomic / toxicogenomic. (HuGE Navigator)
    Title: Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study.
  10. no association was observed between individual GSTA2 polymorphisms and haplotypes and individual susceptibility to breast cancer.
    Title: The role of GSTA2 polymorphisms and haplotypes in breast cancer susceptibility: a case-control study in the Portuguese population.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (18)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC10525

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables glutathione transferase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables glutathione transferase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in epithelial cell differentiation IEP
Inferred from Expression Pattern
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in glutathione metabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in glutathione metabolic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in xenobiotic metabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in cytosol IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
located_in extracellular exosome TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
glutathione S-transferase A2
Names
GST HA subunit 2
GST class-alpha member 2
GST-gamma
S-(hydroxyalkyl)glutathione lyase A2
glutathione S-alkyltransferase A2
glutathione S-aralkyltransferase A2
glutathione S-aryltransferase A2
liver GST2
testis tissue sperm-binding protein Li 59n
NP_000837.3
XP_047274640.1
XP_054211232.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_029430.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5089..18477
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_000846.5 → NP_000837.3  glutathione S-transferase A2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000837.3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AK292602, AL109918, BC002895, BU685446
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS4944.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P09210, Q12759, Q16491, Q9NTY6
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A140VKE2, A8K987, B2R920
    Related
    ENSP00000420168.1, ENST00000493422.3
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    PTZ00057
    Location:1 → 198
    PTZ00057; glutathione s-transferase; Provisional
    cd03208
    Location:86 → 220
    GST_C_Alpha; C-terminal, alpha helical domain of Class Alpha Glutathione S-transferases
    cd03077
    Location:4 → 82
    GST_N_Alpha; GST_N family, Class Alpha subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, ...

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000006.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    52750087..52763475 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047418684.1 → XP_047274640.1  glutathione S-transferase A2 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P09210, Q12759, Q16491, Q9NTY6
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A140VKE2

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060930.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    52588869..52602258 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054355257.1 → XP_054211232.1  glutathione S-transferase A2 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P09210, Q12759, Q16491, Q9NTY6
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A140VKE2
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P09210.4 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P09210

Gene LinkOut

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