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Gnas GNAS complex locus [ Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) ]

Gene ID: 24896, updated on 13-Apr-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
Gnasprovided by RGD
Official Full Name
GNAS complex locusprovided by RGD
Primary source
RGD:2716
See related
Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000025889 Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000047374 AllianceGenome:RGD:2716
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Rattus norvegicus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as
ALEX; SCG6; Gnas1; Gnpas; Nesp55; G-alpha-8
Summary
This locus has a highly complex imprinted expression pattern. It gives rise to maternally, paternally, and biallelically expressed transcripts that are derived from four alternative promoters and 5' exons. Some transcripts contain a differentially methylated region (DMR) at their 5' exons, and this DMR is commonly found in imprinted genes and correlates with transcript expression. In addition, one of the transcripts contains a second overlapping ORF, which encodes a structurally unrelated protein - Alex. Alternative splicing of downstream exons is also observed, which results in different forms of the stimulatory G-protein alpha subunit, a key element of the classical signal transduction pathway linking receptor-ligand interactions with the activation of adenylyl cyclase and a variety of cellular reponses. Multiple transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]
Expression
Biased expression in Adrenal (RPKM 421.2), Thymus (RPKM 326.6) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

Location:
3q43
Exon count:
19
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_02 current GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1) 3 NC_086021.1 (183489648..183554570)
RS_2023_06 previous assembly mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2) 3 NC_051338.1 (163071003..163136350)
106 previous assembly Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5) 3 NC_005102.4 (172374957..172434988)

Chromosome 3 - NC_086021.1Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene microRNA 296 Neighboring gene microRNA 298 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC102548488 Neighboring gene negative elongation factor complex member C/D Neighboring gene cathepsin Z Neighboring gene tubulin, beta 1 class VI

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
  • Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
  • BioProject: PRJNA238328
  • Publication: PMID 24510058
  • Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Markers

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables D1 dopamine receptor binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables D1 dopamine receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables D1 dopamine receptor binding ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
enables G protein activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables G protein activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
enables G-protein alpha-subunit binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables G-protein beta-subunit binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables GTP binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables GTP binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables GTP binding TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
enables GTPase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables GTPase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables adenylate cyclase activator activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables adenylate cyclase activator activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables adenylate cyclase activator activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
enables adenylate cyclase activator activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
enables adenylate cyclase regulator activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
enables alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables alpha-tubulin binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables beta-2 adrenergic receptor binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables beta-2 adrenergic receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables insulin-like growth factor receptor binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables insulin-like growth factor receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables ionotropic glutamate receptor binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables ionotropic glutamate receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables metal ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables mu-type opioid receptor binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables mu-type opioid receptor binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables mu-type opioid receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables protein domain specific binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in bone development ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in cartilage development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within cartilage development ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in cellular response to catecholamine stimulus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular response to glucagon stimulus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in cellular response to glucagon stimulus ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cognition ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in developmental growth ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in endochondral ossification IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within endochondral ossification ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in energy reserve metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within energy reserve metabolic process ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in genomic imprinting IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within genomic imprinting ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in hair follicle placode formation ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in multicellular organism growth IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within multicellular organism growth ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of blood pressure IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of multicellular organism growth ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in platelet aggregation ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of insulin secretion IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of insulin secretion ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of sodium ion transport IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in post-embryonic body morphogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within post-embryonic body morphogenesis ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within post-embryonic development ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in regulation of signal transduction ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in response to parathyroid hormone IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in response to parathyroid hormone ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to xenobiotic stimulus ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in sensory perception of chemical stimulus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within skeletal system development ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in skin development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within skin development ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
involved_in tissue homeostasis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within tissue homeostasis ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in COPI-coated Golgi to ER transport vesicle IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in apical plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in cytoplasm ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in cytosol ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
located_in dendrite IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
located_in dendrite ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
located_in endosome IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in extracellular region IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
part_of heterotrimeric G-protein complex IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
part_of heterotrimeric G-protein complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in membrane ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
located_in neuronal cell body IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in nucleus ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
is_active_in plasma membrane ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 
located_in plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
located_in recycling endosome IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in ruffle IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in sarcolemma IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in synaptic vesicle IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
located_in trans-Golgi network membrane ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
 

General protein information

Preferred Names
ALEX; GNAS; SCG6 (secretogranin VI)
Names
GNAS (guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating) complex locus
GNAS complex locus XLas-like
adenylate cyclase-stimulating G alpha protein
guanine nucleotide binding protein alpha s
guanine nucleotide-binding protein G-s, alpha subunit

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001024823.4NP_001019994.4  ALEX isoform Alex

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1, also known as GNASXL) is paternally expressed. It includes an alternate 5' exon, as compared to variant 3. This variant includes two overlapping open reading frames encoding XLas and Alex, respectively. This RefSeq represents Alex, also known as alexX, which has no similarity to other isoforms encoded by this gene. It interacts with XLas, and their interaction is essential for G-protein signaling in neuroendocrine cells.
    Source sequence(s)
    BC168156, JAXUCZ010000003, X84047
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4F771
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    PHA03247
    Location:399691
    PHA03247; large tegument protein UL36; Provisional
  2. NM_001159653.1NP_001153125.1  SCG6 (secretogranin VI) isoform SCG6 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001153125.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) is maternally expressed. It has alternate 5' exons, as compared to variant 3. Variants 4 and 5 both encode neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 (NESP55), which localizes to large secretory vesicles of endocrine cells and neurons. The coding regions of variants 4 and 5 do not overlap the coding regions used by other transcripts; thus NESP55 has no similarity to isoforms of the G-protein alpha subunit.
    Source sequence(s)
    AF105254, BC168156, CB770483
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q792G6
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A6KL23, G3V916
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06390
    Location:1256
    NESP55; Neuroendocrine-specific golgi protein P55 (NESP55)
  3. NM_001159656.1NP_001153128.1  SCG6 (secretogranin VI) isoform SCG6 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001153128.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (5) is maternally expressed. It lacks several 3' exons and has alternate 5' and 3' exons, as compared to variant 3. Variants 4 and 5 both encode neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 (NESP55), which localizes to large secretory vesicles of endocrine cells and neurons. The coding regions of variants 4 and 5 do not overlap the coding regions used by other transcripts; thus NESP55 has no similarity to isoforms of the G-protein alpha subunit.
    Source sequence(s)
    AF105254, AF107845, BC168156, BF394587, CB770483
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q792G6
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A6KL23, G3V916
    Related
    ENSRNOP00000033065.3, ENSRNOT00000035916.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam06390
    Location:1256
    NESP55; Neuroendocrine-specific golgi protein P55 (NESP55)
  4. NM_001359867.2NP_001346796.2  GNAS isoform b

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks an in-frame exon compared to variant 3 and encodes an alternative G-protein alpha subunit (isoform b).
    Source sequence(s)
    JAXUCZ010000003
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4F771
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00066
    Location:41373
    G-alpha; Alpha subunit of G proteins (guanine nucleotide binding)
  5. NM_019132.3NP_062005.1  GNAS isoform GNASL

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_062005.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) is biallelically expressed and encodes isoform GNASL, also known as gnas1, a form of the G-protein alpha subunit.
    Source sequence(s)
    JAXUCZ010000003
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P63095, Q05087, Q45QM7, Q9Z1R8
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B0BMW4, B4F771
    Related
    ENSRNOP00000080642.1, ENSRNOT00000111199.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00066
    Location:41388
    G-alpha; Alpha subunit of G proteins (guanine nucleotide binding)
  6. NM_021845.5NP_068617.6  GNAS isoform XLas

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1, also known as GNASXL) is paternally expressed. It includes an alternate 5' exon, as compared to variant 3. This variant includes two overlapping open reading frames encoding XLas and Alex, respectively. This RefSeq represents XLas, also known as alpha s XXL, which is a neuroendocrine-specific G-protein alpha subunit; it has a distinct and much longer N-terminus, as compared to isoform GNASL.
    Source sequence(s)
    BC168156, JAXUCZ010000003, X84047
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q63803
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A8I6A4D8
    Related
    ENSRNOP00000088089.1, ENSRNOT00000095590.1
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd00066
    Location:7911138
    G-alpha; Alpha subunit of G proteins (guanine nucleotide binding)
    smart00275
    Location:7701141
    G_alpha; G protein alpha subunit
    pfam12067
    Location:81158
    Sox_C_TAD; Sox C-terminal transactivation domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

  1. NC_086021.1 Reference GRCr8

    Range
    183489648..183554570
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_063283124.1XP_063139194.1  SCG6 (secretogranin VI) isoform X10

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A6KL23, G3V916
  2. XM_063283123.1XP_063139193.1  GNAS isoform X7

  3. XM_039104306.2XP_038960234.1  GNAS isoform X8

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4F771
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00066
    Location:5342
    G-alpha; Alpha subunit of G proteins (guanine nucleotide binding)
  4. XM_039104307.2XP_038960235.1  GNAS isoform X9

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4F771
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00066
    Location:5341
    G-alpha; Alpha subunit of G proteins (guanine nucleotide binding)
  5. XM_063283121.1XP_063139191.1  GNAS isoform X1

  6. XM_039104294.2XP_038960222.1  GNAS isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q63803
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd00066
    Location:7911124
    G-alpha; Alpha subunit of G proteins (guanine nucleotide binding)
    PHA03247
    Location:122560
    PHA03247; large tegument protein UL36; Provisional
    cd22249
    Location:741783
    UDM1_RNF168_RNF169-like; UDM1 (ubiquitin-dependent DSB recruitment module 1) found in RING finger proteins RNF168, RNF169 and similar proteins
  7. XM_039104295.2XP_038960223.1  GNAS isoform X3

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q63803
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd00066
    Location:7911123
    G-alpha; Alpha subunit of G proteins (guanine nucleotide binding)
    PHA03247
    Location:122560
    PHA03247; large tegument protein UL36; Provisional
    cd22249
    Location:741783
    UDM1_RNF168_RNF169-like; UDM1 (ubiquitin-dependent DSB recruitment module 1) found in RING finger proteins RNF168, RNF169 and similar proteins
  8. XM_039104300.2XP_038960228.1  GNAS isoform X4

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A0G2JWA1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd22249
    Location:741783
    UDM1_RNF168_RNF169-like; UDM1 (ubiquitin-dependent DSB recruitment module 1) found in RING finger proteins RNF168, RNF169 and similar proteins
  9. XM_063283122.1XP_063139192.1  GNAS isoform X5

  10. XM_039104304.2XP_038960232.1  GNAS isoform X6

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4F771
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00066
    Location:41374
    G-alpha; Alpha subunit of G proteins (guanine nucleotide binding)

RNA

  1. XR_010064564.1 RNA Sequence

  2. XR_010064565.1 RNA Sequence