Grm4 glutamate metabotropic receptor 4 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Grm4provided by RGD
Official Full Name: glutamate metabotropic receptor 4provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:2745
See related: Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000000487 AllianceGenome:RGD:2745
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: mGluR4
Summary: Enables calcium-dependent protein binding activity and calmodulin binding activity. Predicted to be involved in adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway; modulation of chemical synaptic transmission; and positive regulation of MAPK cascade. Predicted to act upstream of or within chemical synaptic transmission and learning. Located in dendritic shaft; presynaptic active zone membrane; and terminal bouton. Orthologous to human GRM4 (glutamate metabotropic receptor 4). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Annotation information: Note: There is an assembly problem in the Rnor_6.0 reference genome assembly, and therefore, the 5' end of this gene was annotated on NW_007906049.1 and the 3' end was annotated on NW_007906047.1 in NCBI's Rattus norvegicus Annotation Release 105. [17 Jun 2015]
Expression: Restricted expression toward (RPKM 46.3) See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 20p12

Exon count:: 11

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	20	NC_086038.1 (5486024..5574668, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	20	NC_051355.1 (5484172..5572821, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	20	NC_005119.4 (6745682..6791521, complement)

Chromosome 20 - NC_086038.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Regulation and functional consequences of mGlu4 RNA editing.
Title: Regulation and functional consequences of mGlu(4) RNA editing.
Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 regulates proliferation and neural differentiation in neural stem/progenitor cells of the rat subventricular zone and increases phosphatase and tensin homolog protein expression.
Title: Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 regulates proliferation and neural differentiation in neural stem/progenitor cells of the rat subventricular zone and increases phosphatase and tensin homolog protein expression.
Whereas both glutamate metabotropic receptor 2 and glutamate metabotropic receptor 4 couple to G proteins, G protein activation is mediated by mGlu4 heptahelical domain (HD) exclusively in glutamate metabotropic receptor 2-4 heterodimers.
Title: Allosteric control of an asymmetric transduction in a G protein-coupled receptor heterodimer.
Although assumed to form exclusive homodimers, 16 possible heterodimeric mGluRs have been proposed but their existence in native cells remains elusive. Study identified mGlu2-4 specific pharmacological fingerprints that were also observed in a neuronal cell line and in lateral perforant path terminals naturally expressing mGlu2 and mGlu4. Results show the existence of mGlu2-4 heterodimers in native cells.
Title: Pharmacological evidence for a metabotropic glutamate receptor heterodimer in neuronal cells.
This study investigated the role of mGluR4 in modulating two distinct forms of waiting impulsivity and its putative interaction with D2 receptors in modulating motor impulsivity on the five-choice serial reaction time task. The main findings indicate a prominent role of mGluR4 in modulating motor, and to some extent choice, impulsivity as well as aspects of visual attention.
Title: Selective and interactive effects of D(2) receptor antagonism and positive allosteric mGluR4 modulation on waiting impulsivity.
activation of mGluR4 prevents oxidative stress-induced NSC death and apoptotic-associated protein activities with involvement of inhibiting the JNK and p38 pathways in cell culture.
Title: Activation of Type 4 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Death of Neural Stem Cells with Inhibition of JNK and p38 MAPK Signaling.
mGluR4 promotes the proliferation of rat neural progenitor cells and cyclin D1 expression through activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathways in vitro.
Title: Activation of mGluR4 promotes proliferation of rat neural progenitor cells while mediating activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
mGluR4 inhibition of presynaptic Ca2+ influx employs a newly defined signalling pathway, notably that involving the activation of phospholipase C and ultimately protein kinase C
Title: A new signalling pathway for parallel fibre presynaptic type 4 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR4) in the rat cerebellar cortex.
In SCG neurons, mGluR2/4 dimers were not inhibited by the mGluR2-selective NAM (Z)-1-[2-cycloheptyloxy-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)ethenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole (Ro 64-5229), supporting the two-site model.
Title: Functional and pharmacological characteristics of metabotropic glutamate receptors 2/4 heterodimers.
native mGluR4 interacts with several exocytosis proteins such as Munc18-1, synapsins, and syntaxin.
Title: Native presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) interacts with exocytosis proteins in rat cerebellum.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (20)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH138230 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:220317

AU025829 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:114879

BF401962 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:261621

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables G protein-coupled receptor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables G protein-coupled receptor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables G protein-coupled receptor activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables adenylate cyclase inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables calcium-dependent protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables calmodulin binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables glutamate receptor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables glutamate receptor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables glutamate receptor activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within chemical synaptic transmission	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in gamma-aminobutyric acid secretion	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within learning	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of synaptic transmission	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in neuron projection development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of MAPK cascade	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of MAPK cascade	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of neuron apoptotic process	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in synaptic transmission, GABAergic	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in cerebellar granule cell to Purkinje cell synapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in dendritic shaft	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in glutamatergic synapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in neuron projection	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in presynaptic active zone membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in presynaptic active zone membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in terminal bouton	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: metabotropic glutamate receptor 4

Names: glutamate receptor, metabotropic 4

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_022666.2 → NP_073157.2 metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 precursor

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000020

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P31423

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6JJL9

Related

ENSRNOP00000082873.1, ENSRNOT00000093633.2

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd15452
Location:586 → 912

7tmC_mGluR4; metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 in group 3, member of the class C family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

cd06376
Location:43 → 508

PBP1_mGluR_groupIII; ligand-binding domain of the group III metabotropic glutamate receptor

pfam07562
Location:516 → 566

NCD3G; Nine Cysteines Domain of family 3 GPCR

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

NC_086038.1 Reference GRCr8

Range

5486024..5574668 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_063278955.1 → XP_063135025.1 metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 isoform X1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P31423
XM_063278956.1 → XP_063135026.1 metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 isoform X2