KEGG_MELANOMA

Five distinct stages have been proposed in the evolution of melanoma on the basis of histological criteria: common acquired and congenital nevi without dysplastic changes; dysplastic nevi with structural and architectural atypia; radial-growth phase (RGP) melanoma; vertical-growth phase (VGP) melanoma; and metastatic melanoma. Oncogenic NRAS mutations activate both effector pathways Raf-MEK-ERK and PI3K-Akt. The Raf-MEK-ERK pathway may also be activated via mutations in the BRAF gene. The PI3K-Akt pathway may be activated through loss or mutation of the inhibitory tumor suppressor gene PTEN. These mutations arise early during melanoma pathogenesis and are preserved throughout tumor progression. Moreover, melanoma development is strongly associated with inactivation of the p16INK4a/CDK4,6/pRb and p14ARF/HMD2/p53 tumor suppressor pathways. The vertical-growth phase and metastatic melanoma are notable for striking changes in the control of cell adhesion. Recently, amplification of the MITF gene was demonstrated in 10% of primary melanomas and 20% of metastatic melanomas, suggesting that MITF is a melanoma oncogene.

Local Unique Identifier
M15798
Xref KEGG Pathways Database
kegg.pathway:hsa05218
Relation in taxon (RO:0002162 )
Relation has part (BFO:0000051 )
Property category_code
C2
Property sub_category_code
CP:KEGG
Property contributor
KEGG
Property exact_source
hsa05218
Property external_details_url
http://www.genome.jp/kegg/pathway/hsa/hsa05218.html