The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals express at least four distinctly regulated groups of MAPKs, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK)-1/2, Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK1/2/3), p38 proteins (p38alpha/beta/gamma/delta) and ERK5, that are activated by specific MAPKKs: MEK1/2 for ERK1/2, MKK3/6 for the p38, MKK4/7 (JNKK1/2) for the JNKs, and MEK5 for ERK5. Each MAPKK, however, can be activated by more than one MAPKKK, increasing the complexity and diversity of MAPK signalling. Presumably each MAPKKK confers responsiveness to distinct stimuli. For example, activation of ERK1/2 by growth factors depends on the MAPKKK c-Raf, but other MAPKKKs may activate ERK1/2 in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli.
kegg.pathway:hsa04010
RO:0002162
)
BFO:0000051
)
ncbigene:3725
ncbigene:4208
ncbigene:2005
ncbigene:2002
ncbigene:3727
ncbigene:4616
ncbigene:51776
ncbigene:3925
ncbigene:22800
ncbigene:4217
ncbigene:4214
ncbigene:4215
ncbigene:4216
ncbigene:6885
ncbigene:1326
ncbigene:207
ncbigene:208
ncbigene:409
ncbigene:929
ncbigene:408
ncbigene:4893
ncbigene:80824
ncbigene:63928
ncbigene:25780
ncbigene:4791
ncbigene:4790
ncbigene:4609
ncbigene:4776
ncbigene:1432
ncbigene:2318
ncbigene:2316
ncbigene:3845
ncbigene:2317
ncbigene:5613
ncbigene:7189
ncbigene:7042
ncbigene:1843
ncbigene:1844
ncbigene:7040
ncbigene:7186
ncbigene:627
ncbigene:23118
ncbigene:51295
ncbigene:7048
ncbigene:1849
ncbigene:7046
ncbigene:1847
ncbigene:1848
ncbigene:1845
ncbigene:7043
ncbigene:123745
ncbigene:1846
ncbigene:27091
ncbigene:27092
ncbigene:4763
ncbigene:81579
ncbigene:4773
ncbigene:115727
ncbigene:10746
ncbigene:4149
ncbigene:11221
ncbigene:2254
ncbigene:2253
ncbigene:2252
ncbigene:2251
ncbigene:2250
ncbigene:2248
ncbigene:2249
ncbigene:2246
ncbigene:2247
ncbigene:84867
ncbigene:26291
ncbigene:7850
ncbigene:5601
ncbigene:55799
ncbigene:5602
ncbigene:5600
ncbigene:10235
ncbigene:5320
ncbigene:5605
ncbigene:5321
ncbigene:5606
ncbigene:2122
ncbigene:5322
ncbigene:5603
ncbigene:5604
ncbigene:2263
ncbigene:5609
ncbigene:5922
ncbigene:23542
ncbigene:5923
ncbigene:5607
ncbigene:5924
ncbigene:2264
ncbigene:5608
ncbigene:23162
ncbigene:9064
ncbigene:836
ncbigene:7786
ncbigene:2261
ncbigene:2260
ncbigene:5921
ncbigene:2259
ncbigene:6196
ncbigene:6197
ncbigene:8822
ncbigene:8823
ncbigene:2255
ncbigene:2885
ncbigene:2256
ncbigene:2257
ncbigene:2258
ncbigene:5319
ncbigene:6195
ncbigene:7867
ncbigene:8517
ncbigene:3265
ncbigene:10369
ncbigene:8074
ncbigene:10368
ncbigene:2872
ncbigene:8817
ncbigene:6789
ncbigene:6788
ncbigene:9479
ncbigene:4342
ncbigene:5906
ncbigene:4137
ncbigene:5908
ncbigene:5532
ncbigene:5530
ncbigene:8912
ncbigene:8913
ncbigene:8911
ncbigene:468
ncbigene:10454
ncbigene:2353
ncbigene:9344
ncbigene:27330
ncbigene:5535
ncbigene:59283
ncbigene:5536
ncbigene:5533
ncbigene:59285
ncbigene:5534
ncbigene:59284
ncbigene:6416
ncbigene:1386
ncbigene:5159
ncbigene:8681
ncbigene:8491
ncbigene:8398
ncbigene:30814
ncbigene:8399
ncbigene:9448
ncbigene:9252
ncbigene:673
ncbigene:3551
ncbigene:100137049
ncbigene:4296
ncbigene:9254
ncbigene:3552
ncbigene:64600
ncbigene:1616
ncbigene:10000
ncbigene:10912
ncbigene:26281
ncbigene:5971
ncbigene:8550
ncbigene:6300
ncbigene:5970
ncbigene:2768
ncbigene:3312
ncbigene:3315
ncbigene:5801
ncbigene:8649
ncbigene:1647
ncbigene:4803
ncbigene:1649
ncbigene:9020
ncbigene:57551
ncbigene:5154
ncbigene:27006
ncbigene:5155
ncbigene:51701
ncbigene:5156
ncbigene:5566
ncbigene:5567
ncbigene:5058
ncbigene:5568
ncbigene:1398
ncbigene:994
ncbigene:1399
ncbigene:9175
ncbigene:26279
ncbigene:998
ncbigene:10125
ncbigene:781
ncbigene:782
ncbigene:6722
ncbigene:783
ncbigene:6655
ncbigene:784
ncbigene:785
ncbigene:1147
ncbigene:786
ncbigene:5579
ncbigene:5894
ncbigene:5578
ncbigene:7124
ncbigene:5062
ncbigene:8569
ncbigene:50487
ncbigene:5582
ncbigene:5778
ncbigene:9693
ncbigene:3305
ncbigene:773
ncbigene:3304
ncbigene:5880
ncbigene:3306
ncbigene:776
ncbigene:777
ncbigene:5881
ncbigene:774
ncbigene:3303
ncbigene:84647
ncbigene:775
ncbigene:1850
ncbigene:778
ncbigene:779
ncbigene:11184
ncbigene:7132
ncbigene:1852
ncbigene:5494
ncbigene:5495
ncbigene:5595
ncbigene:8986
ncbigene:93589
ncbigene:3310
ncbigene:5598
ncbigene:9965
ncbigene:5879
ncbigene:6654
ncbigene:5594
ncbigene:11072
ncbigene:5871
ncbigene:5599
ncbigene:1956
ncbigene:9261
ncbigene:1950
ncbigene:6237
ncbigene:51347
ncbigene:55970
ncbigene:4909
ncbigene:3553
ncbigene:22808
ncbigene:4908
ncbigene:3554
ncbigene:7157
ncbigene:355
ncbigene:3164
ncbigene:391013
ncbigene:356
ncbigene:4915
ncbigene:4914
ncbigene:11261