CHEBI:53174 - N-bromosuccinimide

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ChEBI Name N-bromosuccinimide
ChEBI ID CHEBI:53174
ChEBI ASCII Name N-bromosuccinimide
Definition A five-membered cyclic dicarboximide compound having a bromo substituent on the nitrogen atom.
Stars This entity has been manually annotated by the ChEBI Team.
Submitter Colin Batchelor
Supplier Information ChemicalBook:CB5293753, eMolecules:501591, ZINC000000391812
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Nicotine is a naturally produced alkaloid in the nightshade family of plants (most predominantly in tobacco and Duboisia hopwoodii) and is widely used recreationally as a stimulant and anxiolytic. As a pharmaceutical drug, it is used for smoking cessation to relieve withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine acts as a receptor agonist at most nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), except at two nicotinic receptor subunits (nAChRα9 and nAChRα10) where it acts as a receptor antagonist. Nicotine constitutes approximately 0.6–3.0% of the dry weight of tobacco. Nicotine is also present at ppb concentrations in edible plants in the family Solanaceae, including potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplants, though sources disagree on whether this has any biological significance to human consumers. It functions as an antiherbivore toxin; consequently, nicotine was widely used as an insecticide in the past, and neonicotinoids (structurally similar to nicotine), such as imidacloprid, are some of the most effective and widely used insecticides. Nicotine is highly addictive. Slow-release forms (gums and patches, when used correctly) can be less addictive and help in quitting. Animal research suggests that monoamine oxidase inhibitors present in tobacco smoke may enhance nicotine's addictive properties. An average cigarette yields about 2 mg of absorbed nicotine. The estimated lower dose limit for fatal outcomes is 500–1,000 mg of ingested nicotine for an adult (6.5–13 mg/kg). Nicotine addiction involves drug-reinforced behavior, compulsive use, and relapse following abstinence. Nicotine dependence involves tolerance, sensitization, physical dependence, and psychological dependence, which can cause distress. Nicotine withdrawal symptoms include depression, stress, anxiety, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and sleep disturbances. Mild nicotine withdrawal symptoms are measurable in unrestricted smokers, who experience normal moods only as their blood nicotine levels peak, with each cigarette. On quitting, withdrawal symptoms worsen sharply, then gradually improve to a normal state. Nicotine use as a tool for quitting smoking has a good safety history. Animal studies suggest that nicotine may adversely affect cognitive development in adolescence, but the relevance of these findings to human brain development is disputed. At low amounts, it has a mild analgesic effect. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, "nicotine is not generally considered to be a carcinogen". The Surgeon General of the United States indicates that evidence is inadequate to infer the presence or absence of a causal relationship between exposure to nicotine and risk for cancer. Nicotine has been shown to produce birth defects in humans and is considered a teratogen. The median lethal dose of nicotine in humans is unknown. High doses are known to cause nicotine poisoning, organ failure, and death through paralysis of respiratory muscles, though serious or fatal overdoses are rare.
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Formula C4H4BrNO2
Net Charge 0
Average Mass 177.98400
Monoisotopic Mass 176.94254
InChI InChI=1S/C4H4BrNO2/c5-6-3(7)1-2-4(6)8/h1-2H2
InChIKey PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES BrN1C(=O)CCC1=O
Roles Classification
Application(s): reagent
A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances.
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ChEBI Ontology
Outgoing N-bromosuccinimide (CHEBI:53174) has functional parent succinimide (CHEBI:9307)
N-bromosuccinimide (CHEBI:53174) has role reagent (CHEBI:33893)
N-bromosuccinimide (CHEBI:53174) is a dicarboximide (CHEBI:35356)
N-bromosuccinimide (CHEBI:53174) is a organobromine compound (CHEBI:37141)
N-bromosuccinimide (CHEBI:53174) is a pyrrolidinone (CHEBI:38275)
IUPAC Name
1-bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione
Synonyms Sources
1-Bromo-2,5-pyrrolidine-dione NIST Chemistry WebBook
1-bromo-2,5-pyrrolidinedione ChEBI
N-Bromosuccimide ChemIDplus
N-Bromosuccinimide ChemIDplus
NBS ChemIDplus
Succinbromide ChemIDplus
Succinbromimide ChemIDplus
Succinibromimide ChemIDplus
Manual Xrefs Databases
N-Bromosuccinimide Wikipedia
N-BROMOSUCCINIMIDE MetaCyc
View more database links
Registry Numbers Types Sources
113916 Reaxys Registry Number Reaxys
128-08-5 CAS Registry Number NIST Chemistry WebBook
128-08-5 CAS Registry Number ChemIDplus
26634 Gmelin Registry Number Gmelin
Citations
Last Modified
31 March 2014