Nicotinamide (INN, BAN UK) or niacinamide (USAN US) is a form of vitamin B3 found in food and used as a dietary supplement and medication. As a supplement, it is used orally (swallowed by mouth) to prevent and treat pellagra (niacin deficiency). While nicotinic acid (niacin) may be used for this purpose, nicotinamide has the benefit of not causing skin flushing. As a cream, it is used to treat acne, and has been observed in clinical studies to improve the appearance of aging skin by reducing hyperpigmentation and redness. It is a water-soluble vitamin.
Side effects are minimal. At high doses, liver problems may occur. Normal amounts are safe for use during pregnancy. Nicotinamide is in the vitamin B family of medications, specifically the vitamin B3 complex. It is an amide of nicotinic acid. Foods that contain nicotinamide include yeast, meat, milk, and green vegetables.
Nicotinamide was discovered between 1935 and 1937. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Nicotinamide is available as a generic medication and over the counter. Commercially, nicotinamide is made from either nicotinic acid (niacin) or nicotinonitrile. In some countries, grains have nicotinamide added to them.
Extra-terrestrial nicotinamide has been found in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. |
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InChI=1S/C10H15N5O10P2/c11- 10- 13- 8- 7(9(17) 14- 10) 12- 3- 15(8) 6- 1- 4(16) 5(24- 6) 2- 23- 27(21,22) 25- 26(18,19) 20/h3- 6,16H,1- 2H2,(H,21,22) (H2,18,19,20) (H3,11,13,14,17) /t4- ,5+,6+/m0/s1 |
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Mus musculus
(NCBI:txid10090)
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Source: BioModels - MODEL1507180067
See:
PubMed
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Escherichia coli
(NCBI:txid562)
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See:
PubMed
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fundamental metabolite
Any metabolite produced by all living cells.
mouse metabolite
Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
(via nucleoside 5'-diphosphate )
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View more via ChEBI Ontology
2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate)
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2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate
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ChEBI
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2'-Deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate
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KEGG COMPOUND
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deoxyguanosine diphosphate
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ChEBI
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dGDP
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KEGG COMPOUND
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68703
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Reaxys Registry Number
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Reaxys
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16240436
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PubMed citation
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Europe PMC
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22761426
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PubMed citation
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Europe PMC
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