β-Carotene (beta-carotene) is an organic, strongly colored red-orange pigment abundant in fungi, plants, and fruits. It is a member of the carotenes, which are terpenoids (isoprenoids), synthesized biochemically from eight isoprene units and thus having 40 carbons.
Dietary β-carotene is a provitamin A compound, converting in the body to retinol (vitamin A). In foods, it has rich content in carrots, pumpkin, spinach, and sweet potato. It is used as a dietary supplement and may be prescribed to treat erythropoietic protoporphyria, an inherited condition of sunlight sensitivity.
β-carotene is the most common carotenoid in plants. When used as a food coloring, it has the E number E160a.: 119 The structure was deduced in 1930.
Isolation of β-carotene from fruits abundant in carotenoids is commonly done using column chromatography. It is industrially extracted from richer sources such as the algae Dunaliella salina. The separation of β-carotene from the mixture of other carotenoids is based on the polarity of a compound. β-Carotene is a non-polar compound, so it is separated with a non-polar solvent such as hexane. Being highly conjugated, it is deeply colored, and as a hydrocarbon lacking functional groups, it is lipophilic. |
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InChI=1S/C40H56O2/c1- 29(17- 13- 19- 31(3) 21- 23- 37- 33(5) 25- 35(41) 27- 39(37,7) 8) 15- 11- 12- 16- 30(2) 18- 14- 20- 32(4) 22- 24- 38- 34(6) 26- 36(42) 28- 40(38,9) 10/h11- 24,35- 36,41- 42H,25- 28H2,1- 10H3/b12- 11+,17- 13+,18- 14+,23- 21+,24- 22+,29- 15+,30- 16+,31- 19+,32- 20+/t35- ,36- /m1/s1 |
JKQXZKUSFCKOGQ-QAYBQHTQSA-N |
CC(\C=C\C=C(C)\C=C\C1=C(C)C[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)C[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C |
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Oscillatoria sp.
(NCBI:txid1159)
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CH2Cl2/MeOH(2:1) extract of assemblage of two cyanobacteria, Oscillatoria sp. and Hormoscilla sp.
See:
PubMed
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Hormoscilla
(NCBI:txid881023)
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CH2Cl2/MeOH(2:1) extract of assemblage of two cyanobacteria, Oscillatoria sp. and Hormoscilla sp.
See:
PubMed
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antioxidant
A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides.
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cofactor
An organic molecule or ion (usually a metal ion) that is required by an enzyme for its activity. It may be attached either loosely (coenzyme) or tightly (prosthetic group).
bacterial metabolite
Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria.
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View more via ChEBI Ontology
(3R,3'R)-β,β-carotene-3,3'-diol
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(3R,3'R)-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene
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ChEBI
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all-trans-β-carotene-3,3'-diol
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ChEBI
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all-trans-zeaxanthin
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UniProt
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anchovyxanthin
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ChEBI
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β,β-carotene-3,3'-diol
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ChEBI
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Zeaxanthin
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KEGG COMPOUND
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144-68-3
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CAS Registry Number
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KEGG COMPOUND
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144-68-3
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CAS Registry Number
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ChemIDplus
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2068416
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Beilstein Registry Number
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Beilstein
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