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| ASP-3026 |
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| CHEBI:167650 |
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| A member of the class of diamino-1,3,5-triazines that is 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine in which the amino groups at positions 2 and 4 are respectively carrying 2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]phenyl and 2-(propan-2-ylsulfonyl)phenyl substituents. It is a potent inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), Ack and ROS1 activity (IC50 values are 3.5, 5.8 and 8.9 nM respectively) and exhibits anti-cancer properties. |
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This entity has been manually annotated by the ChEBI Team.
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R. Stephan
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| ChemicalBook:CB62589620, ZINC000068120928 |
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more structures >>
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0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7.1700 2.2510 1.3040 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.2800 1.9780 -0.3230 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.8380 2.3240 -1.9770 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.3730 3.6600 -0.8970 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.9570 2.0550 0.2060 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -8.1030 4.2520 0.9130 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -5.0460 -0.1240 -1.3340 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.7510 -2.0360 -1.2420 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 37 1 0 37 24 1 0 37 23 1 0 24 25 1 0 23 22 1 0 25 36 1 0 22 36 1 0 36 19 1 0 15 38 1 0 6 31 2 0 6 32 1 0 19 20 1 0 19 18 1 0 38 14 1 0 20 21 1 0 31 5 1 0 32 7 2 0 18 17 1 0 3 2 2 0 3 4 1 0 14 13 2 0 14 9 1 0 5 30 1 0 5 33 2 0 7 34 1 0 7 33 1 0 2 29 1 0 13 12 1 0 30 4 1 0 34 9 1 0 4 27 2 0 9 10 2 0 29 28 2 0 12 35 1 0 12 11 2 0 21 35 1 0 40 41 2 0 35 17 1 0 10 11 1 0 27 28 1 0 27 41 1 0 41 39 2 0 41 8 1 0 8 16 1 0 8 1 1 0 1 42 1 0 1 43 1 0 1 44 1 0 2 45 1 0 3 46 1 0 6 47 1 0 8 48 1 0 10 49 1 0 11 50 1 0 13 51 1 0 15 52 1 0 15 53 1 0 15 54 1 0 16 55 1 0 16 56 1 0 16 57 1 0 17 58 1 0 17 59 1 0 18 60 1 0 18 61 1 0 19 62 1 0 20 63 1 0 20 64 1 0 21 65 1 0 21 66 1 0 22 67 1 0 22 68 1 0 23 69 1 0 23 70 1 0 24 71 1 0 24 72 1 0 25 73 1 0 25 74 1 0 26 75 1 0 26 76 1 0 26 77 1 0 28 78 1 0 29 79 1 0 30 80 1 0 34 81 1 0 M END): 21 ms reading 81 atoms ModelSet: haveSymmetry:false haveUnitcells:false haveFractionalCoord:false 1 model in this collection. Use getProperty "modelInfo" or getProperty "auxiliaryInfo" to inspect them. Default Van der Waals type for model set to Babel 81 atoms created ModelSet: not autobonding; use forceAutobond=true to force automatic bond creation Script completed Jmol script terminated
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InChI=1S/C29H40N8O3S/c1- 21(2)41(38,39)27-8-6-5-7-25(27)33-29-31-20-30-28(34-29)32-24-10-9-23(19-26(24)40-4)36-13-11-22(12-14-36)37-17-15-35(3)16-18-37/h5-10,19-22H,11-18H2,1-4H3,(H2,30,31,32,33,34) |
| MGGBYMDAPCCKCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| COC1=C(NC2=NC(NC3=CC=CC=C3S(=O)(=O)C(C)C)=NC=N2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCC(CC1)N1CCN(C)CC1 |
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Bronsted base
A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid).
(via organic amino compound )
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apoptosis inducer
Any substance that induces the process of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in multi-celled organisms.
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
An EC 2.7.10.* (protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of receptor protein-tyrosine kinase (EC 2.7.10.1).
antimalarial
A drug used in the treatment of malaria. Antimalarials are usually classified on the basis of their action against Plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human.
EC 6.1.1.6 (lysine--tRNA ligase) inhibitor
An EC 6.1.1.* (ligases forming aminoacyl tRNA and related compounds) inhibitor that specifically inhibits the action of lysine-tRNA ligase (EC 6.1.1.6).
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antineoplastic agent
A substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
antimalarial
A drug used in the treatment of malaria. Antimalarials are usually classified on the basis of their action against Plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human.
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View more via ChEBI Ontology
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N-{2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]phenyl}-N'-[2-(propan-2-ylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
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2-N-[2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]phenyl]-4-N-(2-propan-2-ylsulfonylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
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ChEBI
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ASP 3026
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ChemIDplus
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ASP3026
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ChemIDplus
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N2-[2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-piperidinyl]phenyl]-N4-[2-[(1-methylethyl)sulfonyl]phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
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ChEBI
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1097917-15-1
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CAS Registry Number
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ChemIDplus
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Ono A, Murakami H, Seto T, Shimizu T, Watanabe S, Takeshita S, Takeda K, Toyoshima J, Nagase I, Bahceci E, Morishita M, Morita S, Fukuoka M, Nakagawa K (2021)
Safety and Antitumor Activity of Repeated ASP3026 Administration in Japanese Patients with Solid Tumors: A Phase I Study.
Drugs in R&D 21, 65-78 [PubMed:33331996]
[show Abstract]
Background and objectiveAnaplastic lymphoma kinase gene rearrangements (ALKr) resulting in EML4-ALK proteins occur in a subset of solid tumors and are targeted by ALK inhibitors. Given the development of drug resistance to ALK inhibitors, ALK inhibitors with different kinase selectivity are required.MethodsThis phase I, non-randomized, open-label study evaluated the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of ASP3026, a second-generation ALK inhibitor, in Japanese patients with solid tumors. Between 1 June 2011 and 20 January 2014, 29 patients received different daily doses of ASP3026 in the escalation (25 mg, n = 3; 50 mg, n = 3; 75 mg, n = 3; 125 mg, n = 4; 200 mg, n = 3; or 325 mg, n = 7) and expansion (200 mg, n = 6) cohorts.ResultsThree patients had DLTs at the 325-mg dose: cataract exacerbation, increased aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase, and impaired hepatic function (all Grade 3 severity). Thus, the maximum tolerated dose was 200 mg. The treatment-emergent adverse event incidence was 100%; the most common events were nausea (n = 8, 27.6%), decreased appetite (n = 10, 34.5%), and fatigue (n = 9, 31.0%) of mild or moderate severity. Six patients were positive for ALK protein and three had ALKr. Two patients achieved partial responses: one with Ewing sarcoma (75-mg dose group) and one with an ALKr-positive inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (125-mg dose group).ConclusionASP3026 at a 200-mg dose may provide therapeutic benefit for patients with solid tumors, with a tolerable safety profile.Clinical trial registrationThis study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier NCT01401504 on July 25, 2011. | Li Y, Wang K, Song N, Hou K, Che X, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Zhang J (2020)
Activation of IGF-1R pathway and NPM-ALK G1269A mutation confer resistance to crizotinib treatment in NPM-ALK positive lymphoma.
Investigational new drugs 38, 599-609 [PubMed:31177400]
[show Abstract]
ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) represents a subset of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that is treated with crizotinib, a dual ALK/MET inhibitor. Despite the remarkable initial response, ALCLs eventually develop resistance to crizotinib. ALK inhibitor resistance in tumors is a complex and heterogeneous process with multiple underlying mechanisms, including ALK gene amplification, ALK kinase domain mutation, and the activation of various bypass signaling pathways. To overcome resistance, multiple promising next-generation ALK kinase inhibitors and rational combinatorial strategies are being developed. To determine how cancers acquire resistance to ALK inhibitors, we established a model of acquired crizotinib resistance by exposing a highly sensitive NPM-ALK-positive ALCL cell line to increasing doses of crizotinib until resistance emerged. We found that the NPM-ALK mutation was selected under intermediate-concentration drug stress in resistant clones, accompanied by activation of the IGF-1R pathway. In the crizotinib-resistant ALCL cell model, the IGF-1R pathway was activated, and combined ALK/IGF-1R inhibition improved therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, we also detected the NPM-ALK G1269A mutation, which had previously been demonstrated to result in decreased affinity for crizotinib, in the resistant cell model. Although crizotinib was ineffective against cells harboring the NPM-ALK G1269A mutation, five structurally different ALK inhibitors, alectinib, ceritinib, TAE684, ASP3026 and AP26113, maintained activity against the resistant cells. Thus, we have shown that second-generation ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors or IGF-1R inhibitors are effective in treating crizotinib-resistant tumors. | Zhou J, Huang Z, Zheng L, Hei Z, Wang Z, Yu B, Jiang L, Wang J, Fang P (2020)
Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum Lysyl-tRNA synthetase via an anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor.
Nucleic acids research 48, 11566-11576 [PubMed:33053158]
[show Abstract]
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are attractive targets for the development of antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic agents and for the treatment of other human diseases. Lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) from this family has been validated as a promising target for the development of antimalarial drugs. Here, we developed a high-throughput compatible assay and screened 1215 bioactive compounds to identify Plasmodium falciparum cytoplasmic LysRS (PfLysRS) inhibitor. ASP3026, an anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor that was used in clinical trials for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma and solid tumors, was identified as a novel PfLysRS inhibitor. ASP3026 suppresses the enzymatic activity of PfLysRS at nanomolar potency, which is >380-fold more effective than inhibition of the human counterpart. In addition, the compound suppressed blood-stage P. falciparum growth. To understand the molecular mechanism of inhibition by ASP3026, we further solved the cocrystal structure of PfLysRS-ASP3026 at a resolution of 2.49 Å, providing clues for further optimization of the compound. Finally, primary structure-activity relationship analyses indicated that the inhibition of PfLysRS by ASP3026 is highly structure specific. This work not only provides a new chemical scaffold with good druggability for antimalarial development but also highlights the potential for repurposing kinase-inhibiting drugs to tRNA synthetase inhibitors to treat human diseases. | George B, George SK, Shi W, Haque A, Shi P, Eskandari G, Axelson M, Larsson O, Kaseb AO, Amin HM (2019)
Dual inhibition of IGF-IR and ALK as an effective strategy to eradicate NPM-ALK+ T-cell lymphoma.
Journal of hematology & oncology 12, 80 [PubMed:31340850]
[show Abstract]
BackgroundNucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase-expressing (NPM-ALK+) T cell lymphoma is an aggressive neoplasm. NPM-ALK, an oncogenic tyrosine kinase, plays a critical role in this lymphoma. Recently, selective ALK inhibitors have emerged as a first-line therapy for this neoplasm. Unfortunately, ALK inhibitors were hindered by emergence of resistance and relapse. We have previously demonstrated that type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) is commonly expressed and activated in this lymphoma. In addition, IGF-IR and NPM-ALK are physically associated and reciprocally enhance their phosphorylation/activation. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that combined inhibition of IGF-IR and NPM-ALK could significantly improve the effects of inhibiting each kinase alone.MethodsWe used clinically utilized inhibitors of IGF-IR (picropodophyllin; PPP) and ALK (ASP3026) to assess the in vitro cellular effects of combined treatment versus treatment using a single agent. Moreover, we used a systemic NPM-ALK+ T cell lymphoma mouse model to analyze the in vivo effects of PPP and ASP3026 alone or in combination.ResultsOur data show that combined treatment with PPP and ASP3026 decreased the viability, proliferation, and anchorage-independent colony formation, and increased apoptosis of NPM-ALK+ T cell lymphoma cells in vitro. The in vitro effects of combined treatment were synergistic and significantly more pronounced than the effects of PPP or ASP3026 alone. Biochemically, simultaneous antagonism of IGF-IR and ALK induced more pronounced decrease in pIGF-IRY1135/1136, pNPM-ALKY646, and pSTAT3Y705 levels than antagonizing IGF-IR or ALK alone. Moreover, combined targeting of IGF-IR and NPM-ALK decreased significantly systemic lymphoma tumor growth and improved mice survival in vivo. Consistent with the in vitro results, the in vivo effects of the combined therapy were more pronounced than the effects of targeting IGF-IR or ALK alone.ConclusionsCombined targeting of IGF-IR and ALK is more effective than targeting IGF-IR or ALK alone in NPM-ALK+ T cell lymphoma. This strategy might also limit emergence of resistance to high doses of ALK inhibitors. Therefore, it could represent a successful therapeutic approach to eradicate this aggressive lymphoma. Importantly, combined inhibition is feasible because of the clinical availability of IGF-IR and ALK inhibitors. Our findings are applicable to other types of cancer where IGF-IR and ALK are simultaneously expressed. | Iikubo K, Kondoh Y, Shimada I, Matsuya T, Mori K, Ueno Y, Okada M (2018)
Discovery of N-{2-Methoxy-4-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]phenyl}-N'-[2-(propane-2-sulfonyl)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine (ASP3026), a Potent and Selective Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Inhibitor.
Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin 66, 251-262 [PubMed:29491259]
[show Abstract]
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a validated therapeutic target for treating echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-ALK positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We synthesized a series of 1,3,5-triazine derivatives and identified ASP3026 (14a) as a potent and selective ALK inhibitor. In mice xenografted with NCI-H2228 cells expressing EML4-ALK, once-daily oral administration of 14a demonstrated dose-dependent antitumor activity. Here, syntheses and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of 1,3,5-triazine derivatives are described. | Al Mamun Bhuyan A, Bissinger R, Cao H, Lang F (2017)
Inhibition of Erythrocyte Cell Membrane Scrambling by ASP3026.
Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 43, 507-517 [PubMed:28930717]
[show Abstract]
Background/aimsThe anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor ASP3026 is in clinical development for the treatment of ALK expressing non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). ASP3026 is in part effective by inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. Erythrocytes lack mitochondria and nuclei, key organelles in the execution of apoptosis, but are nevertheless able to enter suicidal death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the cell surface and by cell shrinkage. Eryptosis is triggered by cell stress, such as energy depletion, hyperosmotic shock, oxidative stress and excessive increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i). The present study explored, whether ASP3026 impacts on eryptosis.MethodsHuman erythrocytes have been exposed to energy depletion (glucose withdrawal for 48 hours), oxidative stress (addition of 0.3 mM tert-butylhydroperoxide [tBOOH] for 50 min) or Ca2+ loading with Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin (1 µM for 60 min) in absence and presence of ASP3026 (1-4 µg/ml). Flow cytometry was employed to quantify phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface from annexin-V-binding, and cell volume from forward scatter.ResultsTreatment with ASP3026 alone did not significantly modify annexin-V-binding or forward scatter. Energy depletion, oxidative stress and ionomycin, all markedly and significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding erythrocytes, and decreased the forward scatter. ASP3026 significantly blunted the effect of energy depletion and oxidative stress, but not of ionomycin on annexin-V-binding. ASP3026 did not significantly influence the effect of any maneuver on forward scatter.ConclusionsASP3026 is a novel inhibitor of erythrocyte cell membrane scrambling following energy depletion and oxidative stress. | Inoue M, Toki H, Matsui J, Togashi Y, Dobashi A, Fukumura R, Gondo Y, Minowa O, Tanaka N, Mori S, Takeuchi K, Noda T (2016)
Mouse models for ROS1-fusion-positive lung cancers and their application to the analysis of multikinase inhibitor efficiency.
Carcinogenesis 37, 452-460 [PubMed:26964870]
[show Abstract]
ROS1-fusion genes, resulting from chromosomal rearrangement, have been reported in 1-2% of human non-small cell lung cancer cases. More than 10 distinct ROS1-fusion genes, including break-point variants, have been identified to date. In this study, to investigate the in vivo oncogenic activities of one of the most frequently detected fusions, CD74-ROS1, as well as another SDC4-ROS1 fusion that has also been reported in several studies, we generated transgenic (TG) mouse strains that express either of the two ROS1-fusion genes specifically in lung alveolar type II cells. Mice in all TG lines developed tumorigenic nodules in the lung, and a few strains of both TG mouse lines demonstrated early-onset nodule development (multiple tumor lesions present in the lung at 2-4 weeks after birth); therefore, these two strains were selected for further investigation. Tumors developed progressively in the untreated TG mice of both lines, whereas those receiving oral administration of an ALK/MET/ROS1 inhibitor, crizotinib, and an ALK/ROS1 inhibitor, ASP3026, showed marked reduction in the tumor burden. Collectively, these data suggest that each of these two ROS1-fusion genes acts as a driver for the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma in vivo The TG mice developed in this study are expected to serve as valuable tools for exploring novel therapeutic agents against ROS1-fusion-positive lung cancer. | Li T, LoRusso P, Maitland ML, Ou SH, Bahceci E, Ball HA, Park JW, Yuen G, Tolcher A (2016)
First-in-human, open-label dose-escalation and dose-expansion study of the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor effects of an oral ALK inhibitor ASP3026 in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Journal of hematology & oncology 9, 23 [PubMed:26966027]
[show Abstract]
BackgroundASP3026 is a second-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor that has potent in vitro activity against crizotinib-resistant ALK-positive tumors. This open-label, multicenter, first-in-human phase I study ( NCT01284192 ) assessed the safety, pharmacokinetic profile, and antitumor activity of ASP3026.MethodsAdvanced solid tumor patients received oral ASP3026 in 3 + 3 dose-escalation cohorts at doses of 25-800 mg once daily in 28-day cycles. The endpoints were to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), the recommended phase II dose (RP2D), and the pharmacokinetic profile of ASP3026. A phase Ib expansion cohort enrolled patients with metastatic, crizotinib-resistant ALK-positive solid tumors at the RP2D, and response was evaluated by RECIST 1.1.ResultsThe dose-escalation cohort enrolled 33 patients, including three crizotinib-resistant, ALK-positive patients, and the dose-expansion cohort enrolled another 13 crizotinib-resistant, ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. ASP3026 demonstrated both linear pharmacokinetics and dose-proportional exposure for area under the plasma concentration-time curve and maximum concentration observed with a median terminal half-life of 35 h, supporting the daily dosing. Grade 3 rash and elevated transaminase concentrations were dose-limiting toxicities observed at 800 mg; hence, 525 mg daily was the MTD and RP2D. The most common treatment-related adverse events were nausea (38%), fatigue (35%), and vomiting (35 %). Among the 16 patients with crizotinib-resistant ALK-positive tumors (15 NSCLC, 1 neuroblastoma), eight patients achieved partial response (overall response rate 50%; 95% confidence interval 25-75%) and seven patients (44%) achieved stable disease.ConclusionsASP3026 was well tolerated and had therapeutic activity in patients with crizotinib-resistant ALK-positive advanced tumors.Trial registrationClinTrials.gov: NCT01284192. | Ono A, Murakami H, Serizawa M, Wakuda K, Kenmotsu H, Naito T, Taira T, Koh Y, Ohde Y, Nakajima T, Endo M, Takahashi T (2016)
Drastic initial response and subsequent response to two ALK inhibitors in a patient with a highly aggressive ALK-rearranged inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor arising in the pleural cavity.
Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 99, 151-154 [PubMed:27565932]
[show Abstract]
A 57-year-old male current smoker was diagnosed with an aggressive variant of ALK-rearranged inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) arising in the pleural cavity. First line treatment with ASP3026 was initiated at a dose of 125mg once daily. A follow-up CT scan revealed drastic regression of the pleural lesion. After disease progression with ASP3026 treatment, LDK378 (ceritinib) was initiated at a dose of 750mg once daily. A follow-up CT scan revealed a second drastic regression of the pleural lesion. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that this case represents the use of serum hyaluronan levels to assist in monitoring of treatment efficacy in an IMT. Herein, we present the first case of a patient with a highly aggressive ALK-rearranged IMT arising in the pleural cavity, who showed both initial and subsequent drastic response to two ALK inhibitors while being monitored for serum hyaluronan. | Fontana D, Ceccon M, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Mologni L (2015)
Activity of second-generation ALK inhibitors against crizotinib-resistant mutants in an NPM-ALK model compared to EML4-ALK.
Cancer medicine 4, 953-965 [PubMed:25727400]
[show Abstract]
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a tyrosine kinase receptor involved in both solid and hematological tumors. About 80% of ALK-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) cases are characterized by the t(2;5)(p23;q35) translocation, encoding for the aberrant fusion protein nucleophosmin (NPM)-ALK, whereas 5% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients carry the inv(2)(p21;p23) rearrangement, encoding for the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-ALK fusion. The ALK/c-MET/ROS inhibitor crizotinib successfully improved the treatment of ALK-driven diseases. However, several cases of resistance appeared in NSCLC patients, and ALK amino acid substitutions were identified as a leading cause of resistance to crizotinib. Second-generation ALK inhibitors have been developed in order to overcome crizotinib resistance. In this work, we profiled in vitro the activity of crizotinib, AP26113, ASP3026, alectinib, and ceritinib against six mutated forms of ALK associated with clinical resistance to crizotinib (C1156Y, L1196M, L1152R, G1202R, G1269A, and S1206Y) and provide a classification of mutants according to their level of sensitivity/resistance to the drugs. Since the biological activity of ALK mutations extends beyond the specific type of fusion, both NPM-ALK- and EML4-ALK-positive cellular models were used. Our data revealed that most mutants may be targeted by using different inhibitors. One relevant exception is represented by the G1202R substitution, which was highly resistant to all drugs (>10-fold increased IC50 compared to wild type) and may represent the most challenging mutation to overcome. These results provide a prediction of cross-resistance of known crizotinib-resistant mutations against all second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) clinically available, and therefore could be a useful tool to help clinicians in the management of crizotinib-resistance cases. | Takeguchi K, Hirakura Y, Yamazaki K, Shimada I, Ieda S, Okada M, Takiyama H (2015)
Characterization and Thermodynamic Stability of Polymorphs of Di(arylamino) Aryl Compound ASP3026.
Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin 63, 418-422 [PubMed:26027465]
[show Abstract]
ASP3026 (N-{2-methoxy-4-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]phenyl}-N'-[2-(propane-2-sulfonyl)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) was developed in Astellas Pharma Inc. as a novel and selective inhibitor of the fusion protein EML4-ALK. We investigated the thermodynamic stability of five polymorphs of ASP3026 (A01, A02, A03, A04, and A05) in detail. To determine the most stable form at ambient temperature, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and solubility measurements were conducted. Of the five polymorphs, A04 was the most stable and A05 was the least stable. The relationship between A04 and A03 and A04 and A01 were mutually monotropic, while that between A01 and A02 was enantiotropic. The transition temperature from A02 to A01 was estimated as 325 K. A02 was more thermodynamically stable at ambient temperature than A01. Furthermore, the method to estimate polymorphic transition temperatures using solution calorimetry was found to be effective. The systematic characterization of ASP3026 polymorphs presented in this study enables the selective crystallization of the most stable form and design of solid formulations. | Iragavarapu C, Mustafa M, Akinleye A, Furqan M, Mittal V, Cang S, Liu D (2015)
Novel ALK inhibitors in clinical use and development.
Journal of hematology & oncology 8, 17 [PubMed:25888090]
[show Abstract]
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase 1 (ALK-1) is a member of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase family. ALK-1 was initially found in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). ALK mutations have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other solid tumors. Multiple small molecule inhibitors with activity against ALK and related oncoproteins are under clinical development. Two of them, crizotinib and ceritinib, have been approved by FDA for treatment of locally advanced and metastatic NSCLC. More agents (alectinib, ASP3026, X396) with improved safety, selectivity, and potency are in the pipeline. Dual inhibitors targeting ALK and EGFRm (AP26113), TRK (TSR011), FAK (CEP-37440), or ROS1 (RXDX-101, PF-06463922) are under active clinical development. | Nishio M, Murakami H, Horiike A, Takahashi T, Hirai F, Suenaga N, Tajima T, Tokushige K, Ishii M, Boral A, Robson M, Seto T (2015)
Phase I Study of Ceritinib (LDK378) in Japanese Patients with Advanced, Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Rearranged Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer or Other Tumors.
Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer 10, 1058-1066 [PubMed:26020125]
[show Abstract]
IntroductionAnaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is sensitive to ALK inhibitors, but resistance develops. This study assessed the maximum-tolerated dose, safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and antitumor activity of ceritinib, a novel ALK inhibitor (ALKi), in Japanese patients with ALK-rearranged malignancies.MethodsThis phase I, multicenter, open-label study (NCT01634763) enrolled adult patients with ALK-rearranged (by fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or immunohistochemistry) locally advanced/metastatic malignancy that had progressed despite standard therapy. The study comprised two parts: dose escalation and dose expansion. Ceritinib (single-dose) was administered orally in the 3-day PK run-in period, then once daily, in 21-day cycles. Adaptive dose escalations were guided by a Bayesian model.ResultsTwenty patients (80% with ALKi treatment history [ALKi-pretreated]; 19 NSCLC; one inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor) received ceritinib 300 to 750 mg (19 during dose escalation, one in dose expansion). Two dose-limiting toxicities occurred: grade 3 lipase increase (600 mg); grade 3 drug-induced liver injury (750 mg). The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal (nausea: 95%; diarrhea, vomiting: 75%). Ceritinib PK profile was dose proportional across 300 to 750 mg dosages; steady state was reached by day 15. Overall response rate was 55% (11 of 20 patients). Among patients with NSCLC, partial response was observed in two of four ALKi-naive patients, five of nine crizotinib-pretreated patients, two of four alectinib-pretreated patients, and one of two crizotinib and alectinib/ASP3026 pretreated patients. The ASP3026-pretreated inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor patient achieved partial response.ConclusionsCeritinib maximum-tolerated dose was 750 mg once daily in Japanese patients. Antitumor activity was observed irrespective of prior ALKi treatment history. Dose expansion, examining the activity of ceritinib in alectinib-resistant patients, is ongoing. | Mologni L, Ceccon M, Pirola A, Chiriano G, Piazza R, Scapozza L, Gambacorti-Passerini C (2015)
NPM/ALK mutants resistant to ASP3026 display variable sensitivity to alternative ALK inhibitors but succumb to the novel compound PF-06463922.
Oncotarget 6, 5720-5734 [PubMed:25749034]
[show Abstract]
ALK is involved in the onset of several tumors. Crizotinib (XalkoriTM), a potent ALK inhibitor, represents the current front-line treatment for ALK+ NSCLC and shows great clinical efficacy. However, resistant disease often develops after initial response. ASP3026 is a novel second-generation ALK inhibitor with activity on crizotinib-resistant ALK-L1196M gatekeeper mutant. As resistance is likely to be a relevant hurdle for any drug, we sought to determine the resistance profile of ASP3026 in the context of NPM/ALK+ ALCL. We selected six ASP3026-resistant cell lines by culturing human ALCL cells in the presence of increasing concentrations of drug. The established resistant cell lines carry several point mutations in the ALK kinase domain (G1128S, C1156F, I1171N/T, F1174I, N1178H, E1210K and C1156F/D1203N were the most frequent) that are shown to confer resistance to ASP3026 in the Ba/F3 cell model. All mutants were profiled for cross-resistance against a panel of clinically relevant inhibitors including ceritinib, alectinib, crizotinib, AP26113 and PF-06463922. Finally, a genetically heterogeneous ASP3026-resistant cell line was exposed to second-line treatment simulations with all inhibitors. The population evolved according to relative sensitivity of its mutant subclones to the various drugs. Compound PF-06463922 did not allow the outgrowth of any resistant clone, at non-toxic doses. | Mori M, Ueno Y, Konagai S, Fushiki H, Shimada I, Kondoh Y, Saito R, Mori K, Shindou N, Soga T, Sakagami H, Furutani T, Doihara H, Kudoh M, Kuromitsu S (2014)
The selective anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor ASP3026 induces tumor regression and prolongs survival in non-small cell lung cancer model mice.
Molecular cancer therapeutics 13, 329-340 [PubMed:24419060]
[show Abstract]
Activation of anaplastic lymphoma receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK) is involved in the pathogenesis of several carcinomas, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein like 4 (EML4)-ALK, which is derived from the rearrangement of ALK and EML4 genes, has been validated as a therapeutic target in a subset of patients with NSCLC. Here, we investigated the effects of ASP3026, a novel small-molecule ALK inhibitor, against ALK-driven NSCLC. ASP3026 inhibited ALK activity in an ATP-competitive manner and had an inhibitory spectrum that differed from that of crizotinib, a dual ALK/MET inhibitor. In mice xenografted with NCI-H2228 cells expressing EML4-ALK, orally administered ASP3026 was well absorbed in tumor tissues, reaching concentrations >10-fold higher than those in plasma, and induced tumor regression with a wide therapeutic margin between efficacious and toxic doses. In the same mouse model, ASP3026 enhanced the antitumor activities of paclitaxel and pemetrexed without affecting body weight. ASP3026 also showed potent antitumor activities, including tumor shrinkage to a nondetectable level, in hEML4-ALK transgenic mice and prolonged survival in mice with intrapleural NCI-H2228 xenografts. In an intrahepatic xenograft model using NCI-H2228 cells, ASP3026 induced continuous tumor regression, whereas mice treated with crizotinib showed tumor relapse after an initial response. Finally, ASP3026 exhibited potent antitumor activity against cells expressing EML4-ALK with a mutation in the gatekeeper position (L1196M) that confers crizotinib resistance. Taken together, these findings indicate that ASP3026 has potential efficacy for NSCLC and is expected to improve the therapeutic outcomes of patients with cancer with ALK abnormality. | George SK, Vishwamitra D, Manshouri R, Shi P, Amin HM (2014)
The ALK inhibitor ASP3026 eradicates NPM-ALK⁺ T-cell anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in vitro and in a systemic xenograft lymphoma model.
Oncotarget 5, 5750-5763 (Source: SUBMITTER) [PubMed:25026277]
[show Abstract]
NPM-ALK⁺ T-cell anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an aggressive type of cancer. Standard treatment of NPM-ALK⁺ ALCL is CHOP polychemotherapy. Although patients initially respond favorably to CHOP, resistance, relapse, and death frequently occur. Recently, selective targeting of ALK has emerged as an alternative therapeutic strategy. ASP3026 is a second-generation ALK inhibitor that can overcome crizotinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer, and is currently being evaluated in clinical trials of patients with ALK⁺ solid tumors. However, NPM-ALK⁺ ALCL patients are not included in these trials. We studied the effects of ASP3026 on NPM-ALK⁺ ALCL cell lines in vitro and on systemic lymphoma growth in vivo. ASP3026 decreased the viability, proliferation, and colony formation, as well as induced apoptotic cell death of NPM-ALK⁺ ALCL cells. In addition, ASP3026 significantly reduced the proliferation of 293T cells transfected with NPM-ALK mutants that are resistant to crizotinib and downregulated tyrosine phosphorylation of these mutants. Moreover, ASP3026 abrogated systemic NPM-ALK⁺ ALCL growth in mice. Importantly, the survival of ASP3026-treated mice was superior to that of control and CHOP-treated mice. Our data suggest that ASP3026 is an effective treatment for NPM-ALK⁺ ALCL, and support the enrollment of patients with this lymphoma in the ongoing clinical trials. |
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