carbon dioxide (CHEBI:16526)

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CHEBI:16526 - carbon dioxide

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ChEBI Name	carbon dioxide

ChEBI ID	CHEBI:16526

Definition	A one-carbon compound with formula CO₂ in which the carbon is attached to each oxygen atom by a double bond. A colourless, odourless gas under normal conditions, it is produced during respiration by all animals, fungi and microorganisms that depend directly or indirectly on living or decaying plants for food.

Stars	This entity has been manually annotated by the ChEBI Team.

Secondary ChEBI IDs	CHEBI:48829, CHEBI:3283, CHEBI:13282, CHEBI:13283, CHEBI:13285, CHEBI:13284, CHEBI:23011

Supplier Information	ChemicalBook:CB5741946, eMolecules:474954, ZINC000012360703

Download	Molfile XML SDF

more structures >>

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Wikipedia	License
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CO2. It is made up of molecules that each have one carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is found in the gas state at room temperature and at normally-encountered concentrations it is odorless. As the source of carbon in the carbon cycle, atmospheric CO2 is the primary carbon source for life on Earth. In the air, carbon dioxide is transparent to visible light but absorbs infrared radiation, acting as a greenhouse gas. Carbon dioxide is soluble in water and is found in groundwater, lakes, ice caps, and seawater. It is a trace gas in Earth's atmosphere at 421 parts per million (ppm), or about 0.042% (as of May 2022) having risen from pre-industrial levels of 280 ppm or about 0.028%. Burning fossil fuels is the main cause of these increased CO2 concentrations, which are the primary cause of climate change. Its concentration in Earth's pre-industrial atmosphere since late in the Precambrian was regulated by organisms and geological features. Plants, algae and cyanobacteria use energy from sunlight to synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in a process called photosynthesis, which produces oxygen as a waste product. In turn, oxygen is consumed and CO2 is released as waste by all aerobic organisms when they metabolize organic compounds to produce energy by respiration. CO2 is released from organic materials when they decay or combust, such as in forest fires. When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it forms carbonate and mainly bicarbonate (HCO−3), which causes ocean acidification as atmospheric CO2 levels increase. Carbon dioxide is 53% more dense than dry air, but is long lived and thoroughly mixes in the atmosphere. About half of excess CO2 emissions to the atmosphere are absorbed by land and ocean carbon sinks. These sinks can become saturated and are volatile, as decay and wildfires result in the CO2 being released back into the atmosphere. CO2, or the carbon it holds, is eventually sequestered (stored for the long term) in rocks and organic deposits like coal, petroleum and natural gas. Nearly all CO2 produced by humans goes into the atmosphere. Less than 1% of CO2 produced annually is put to commercial use, mostly in the fertilizer industry and in the oil and gas industry for enhanced oil recovery. Other commercial applications include food and beverage production, metal fabrication, cooling, fire suppression and stimulating plant growth in greenhouses.: 3
Read full article at Wikipedia

Formula

CO2

Net Charge

Average Mass

44.010

Monoisotopic Mass

43.98983

InChI

InChI=1S/CO2/c2-1-3

InChIKey

CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES

O=C=O

Metabolite of Species	Details
Mus musculus (NCBI:txid10090)	Source: BioModels - MODEL1507180067 See: PubMed
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NCBI:txid4932)	Source: yeast.sf.net See: PubMed
Escherichia coli (NCBI:txid562)	See: PubMed
Homo sapiens (NCBI:txid9606)	See: DOI

Roles Classification
Chemical Role(s):	solvent A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition. greenhouse gas A gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range, so contributing to the 'greenhouse effect'.

Biological Role(s):	Escherichia coli metabolite Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli. Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae ). human metabolite Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens). antagonist Substance that attaches to and blocks cell receptors that normally bind naturally occurring substances. mouse metabolite Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus). food packaging gas A food additive that is a (generally inert) gas which is used to envelop foodstuffs during packing and so protect them from unwanted chemical reactions such as food spoilage or oxidation during subsequent transport and storage. The term includes propellant gases, used to expel foods from a container. food propellant A propellant that is used to expel foods from an aerosol container.

Application(s):	refrigerant A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure. solvent A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition. vasodilator agent A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels. anaesthetic Substance which produces loss of feeling or sensation. food packaging gas A food additive that is a (generally inert) gas which is used to envelop foodstuffs during packing and so protect them from unwanted chemical reactions such as food spoilage or oxidation during subsequent transport and storage. The term includes propellant gases, used to expel foods from a container. food propellant A propellant that is used to expel foods from an aerosol container.

View more via ChEBI Ontology

ChEBI Ontology
Outgoing	carbon dioxide (CHEBI:16526) has role Escherichia coli metabolite (CHEBI:76971) carbon dioxide (CHEBI:16526) has role Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite (CHEBI:75772) carbon dioxide (CHEBI:16526) has role anaesthetic (CHEBI:38867) carbon dioxide (CHEBI:16526) has role antagonist (CHEBI:48706) carbon dioxide (CHEBI:16526) has role food packaging gas (CHEBI:77974) carbon dioxide (CHEBI:16526) has role food propellant (CHEBI:78017) carbon dioxide (CHEBI:16526) has role greenhouse gas (CHEBI:76413) carbon dioxide (CHEBI:16526) has role human metabolite (CHEBI:77746) carbon dioxide (CHEBI:16526) has role mouse metabolite (CHEBI:75771) carbon dioxide (CHEBI:16526) has role refrigerant (CHEBI:78433) carbon dioxide (CHEBI:16526) has role solvent (CHEBI:46787) carbon dioxide (CHEBI:16526) has role vasodilator agent (CHEBI:35620) carbon dioxide (CHEBI:16526) is a carbon oxide (CHEBI:23014) carbon dioxide (CHEBI:16526) is a gas molecular entity (CHEBI:138675) carbon dioxide (CHEBI:16526) is a one-carbon compound (CHEBI:64708)

IUPAC Names

carbon dioxide

dioxidocarbon

methanedione

Synonyms	Sources
[CO₂]	MolBase
Carbon dioxide	KEGG COMPOUND
CARBON DIOXIDE	PDBeChem
carbonic anhydride	UM-BBD
CO2	KEGG COMPOUND
CO₂	UniProt
E 290	ChEBI
E-290	ChEBI
E290	ChEBI
R-744	ChEBI

Manual Xrefs	Databases
119	PPDB
4256	DrugCentral
752	MolBase
C00011	KEGG COMPOUND
c0131	UM-BBD
CARBON-DIOXIDE	MetaCyc
Carbon_dioxide	Wikipedia
CO2	PDBeChem
D00004	KEGG DRUG
HMDB0001967	HMDB
View more database links

Registry Numbers	Types	Sources
124-38-9	CAS Registry Number	KEGG COMPOUND
124-38-9	CAS Registry Number	NIST Chemistry WebBook
124-38-9	CAS Registry Number	ChemIDplus
1900390	Reaxys Registry Number	Reaxys
989	Gmelin Registry Number	Gmelin

Citations

Last Modified

29 January 2018

CHEBI:16526 - carbon dioxide

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