Homocysteine (; symbol Hcy) is a non-proteinogenic α-amino acid. It is a homologue of the amino acid cysteine, differing by an additional methylene bridge (−CH2−). It is biosynthesized from methionine by the removal of its terminal Cε methyl group. In the body, homocysteine can be recycled into methionine or converted into cysteine with the aid of vitamin B6, B9, and B12.
High levels of homocysteine in the blood (hyperhomocysteinemia) is regarded as a marker of cardiovascular disease, likely working through atherogenesis, which can result in ischemic injury. Therefore, hyperhomocysteinemia is a possible risk factor for coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque blocks blood flow to the coronary arteries, which supply the heart with oxygenated blood.
Hyperhomocysteinemia has been correlated with the occurrence of blood clots, heart attacks, and strokes, although it is unclear whether hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for these conditions. Hyperhomocysteinemia has also been associated with early-term spontaneous abortions and with neural tube defects. |
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InChI=1S/C40H56O/c1- 30(18- 13- 20- 32(3) 23- 25- 37- 34(5) 22- 15- 27- 39(37,7) 8) 16- 11- 12- 17- 31(2) 19- 14- 21- 33(4) 24- 26- 38- 35(6) 28- 36(41) 29- 40(38,9) 10/h11- 14,16- 21,23- 26,36,41H,15,22,27- 29H2,1- 10H3/b12- 11+,18- 13+,19- 14+,25- 23+,26- 24+,30- 16+,31- 17+,32- 20+,33- 21+/t36- /m1/s1 |
DMASLKHVQRHNES-FKKUPVFPSA-N |
CC(\C=C\C=C(C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)C[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C |
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antioxidant
A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides.
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plant metabolite
Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
provitamin A
A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.
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biomarker
A substance used as an indicator of a biological state.
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View more via ChEBI Ontology
beta-Cryptoxanthin
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KEGG COMPOUND
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β-cryptoxanthin
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UniProt
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cryptoxanthin
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ChemIDplus
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2230123
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Reaxys Registry Number
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Reaxys
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472-70-8
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CAS Registry Number
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KEGG COMPOUND
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472-70-8
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CAS Registry Number
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ChemIDplus
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15386932
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PubMed citation
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Europe PMC
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19703237
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PubMed citation
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Europe PMC
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