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The Bibliographic Reference Ontology (BiRO) is an ontology meant to define bibliographic records, bibliographic references, and their compilation into bibliographic collections and bibliographic lists, respectively.
URL: http://purl.org/spar/biro
Creators: David Shotton, Silvio Peroni
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Website: http://www.sparontologies.net/ontologies/biro
Cite as: Di Iorio, A., Nuzzolese, A. G., Peroni, S., Shotton, D., Vitali, F. (2014). Describing bibliographic references in RDF. In Proceedings of 4th Workshop on Semantic Publishing (SePublica 2014). http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1155/paper-05.pdf
BiRO, the Bibliographic Reference Ontology, is an ontology structured according to the FRBR model to define bibliographic records (as subclasses of frbr:Work) and bibliographic references (as subclasses of frbr:Expression), and their compilations into bibliographic collections such as library catalogues, and into bibliographic lists such as reference lists in journal articles, respectively.
It provides a logical system for relating an individual bibliographic reference, such as appears in the reference list of a published article (which may lack the title of the cited article, the full names of the listed authors, or indeed the full list of authors):
IRI: http://purl.org/spar/biro/BibliographicCollection
A bibliographic collection is composed only of items containing bibliographic records. Moreover, it cannot be part of other bibliographic collections, and it is realized only by bibliographic lists.
IRI: http://purl.org/spar/biro/BibliographicList
An ordered list of bibliographic items, each of which contains a bibliographic reference.
A bibliographic list is composed only of items containing bibliographic references. Moreover, it is always a realization of a bibliographic collection.
IRI: http://purl.org/spar/biro/BibliographicRecord
A record that uniquely describes a particular textual or data publication (or a work in preparation for publication). Each bibliographic record is a set of entities describing aspects of the referenced work, including, for example, but not restricted to: authors, title, journal, publication year, DOI, ISSN, publisher and copyright information, or, in the case of a data publication: creators, title, version, archive, publication year, DOI or other identifier). The FRBR expression of a bibliographic record is a bibliographic reference, which usually contains only a sub-set of these entities, ordered in a particular way that corresponds to the house style of the publication in which it occurs.
A bibliographic record is realized only through bibliographic references.
IRI: http://purl.org/spar/biro/BibliographicReference
An expression of a bibliographic record in a specific format, that references a particular textual or data publication (or a work in preparation for publication). Each bibliographic reference is a list of items containing entities that describe aspects of the referenced work - for example authors, title, journal, publication year - selected from the bibliographic record. Note that because different journal styles may require omission of elements of the bibliographic record in references included in a paper's reference list (e.g. the title, the identifier, the names of the eighth and subsequent authors), and because errors can be introduced when an author creates a bibliographic reference, the bibliographic reference to a published work may not be a complete or fully accurate expression of the information contained within the authoritative bibliographic record for that work.
A bibliographic reference is a realization of a bibliographic record. Moreover, it can contain only items referring to elements contained by the bibliographic record it realizes.
IRI: http://purl.org/spar/biro/LibraryCatalogue
A catalogue of the bibliographic holdings of a library.
IRI: http://purl.org/spar/biro/ReferenceList
A list used to describe the bibliography of a research paper, a journal article, a book, a book chapter or similar publication.
IRI: http://purl.org/spar/biro/isReferencedBy
The relation between a publication and the bibliographic record or bibliographic reference describing it.
IRI: http://purl.org/spar/biro/references
The relation between a bibliographic record or a bibliographic reference and the publication being referenced.
IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description
This HTML document was obtained by processing the OWL ontology source code through LODE, Live OWL Documentation Environment, developed by Silvio Peroni.
A collection of bibliographic records, each of which references a publication (or a work in preparation for publication). Examples of bibliographic collections include a collection of the bibliographic records of all the publications that a single individual has authored, or a collection of those bibliographic records to be included in a research paper, where they are expressed as a reference list.